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Original article
Available online 1 October 2026

Continuous vs intermittent meropenem administration in critically ill patients and renal function. A secondary post-hoc analysis of the MERCY trial

Administración continua frente a intermitente de meropenem en pacientes críticos y función renal. Un análisis secundario post-hoc del ensayo clínico MERCY
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Martina Baiardo Redaellia, Domenico Pontillob, Fabio Toffolettoc, Andrey Grechkod, Eugenio Garofaloe, Barbara Ferrarab, Gianluca Paternosterf, Tiziana Boveg,h, Luca Brazzii,j, Matteo Marzarolib, Antonella Cotoiak, Yuki Kotanib,l, Francesco Corradim, Aidos Konkayevn, Sofia Ananiadouo, Simon Rauchp, Rosalba Lembob, Andrea Della Selvaq, Nikola Bradicr,s, Sergio Torrentet..., Giovanni Landonib,u,
Corresponding author
landoni.giovanni@hsr.it

Corresponding author.
, Alberto Zangrillob,u, Giacomo Montib,u,
for the MERCY Study Group collaborators ◊Ver más
a Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
b Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
c Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Città del Piave, San Donà di Piave, Italy
d V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Moscow, Russia
e Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital "R. Dulbecco" Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
f Department of Health Science, Anesthesia and ICU School of Medicine University of Basilicata San Carlo Hospital Potenza, Italy
g Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive Care Peri- Operative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
h Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
i Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
j Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza Hospital, Turin, Italy
k University Hospital Policlinico of Foggia, Italy
l Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
m Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
n Astana Medical University, National Scientific Center of Traumatology and Orthopedia Named N. Batpenov, Astana, Kazakhstan
o Anestesia e Rianimazione ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
p Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital of Merano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano-Bozen, Italy
q Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero Verduno-Cn; SC Anestesia Rianimazione, SS Rianimazione, Italy
r Clinic of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
s University North, Department of Nursing, Varazdin, Croatia
t U.O.C. Anestesia e Rianimazione Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata - I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
u School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Objective

In septic patients renal function changes are common, potentially affecting antibiotic therapies. Time-dependent antibiotics, administered as continuous infusion, can improve the time above the minimal inhibitory concentration, but the relationship between meropenem administration strategy and renal function remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate such relationship for a composite primary outcome of 28-day mortality and emergence of pandrug (PDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens. Secondary aims were to investigate the impact of renal function on clinical and microbiological outcomes, regardless of meropenem administration strategy.

Design

Secondary analysis of the MERCY randomized controlled trial (Continuous Infusion versus Intermittent Administration of MERopenem in CriticallY Ill Patients).

Setting

Thirty-one ICUs in 4 countries.

Patients

MERCY patients with available estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Interventions

Meropenem administration as continuous infusion or intermittent boluses.

Main variables of interest

eGFR, mortality, PDR/XDR pathogens.

Results

Among MERCY patients, eGFR was available at randomization for 586 patients: 311 had an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2, 181 between 60−129 ml/min/1.73m2, and 94 patients ≥130 ml/min/1.73m2. Meropenem administration strategy did not affect the primary outcome across eGFR categories (p for interaction = 0.60). Considering renal subgroups regardless of randomization arm, patients with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 had a lower incidence of new XDR/PDR pathogens compared with the normal renal function group (adjusted RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.95, p = 0.026).

Conclusions

Among the MERCY population, there was no benefit from meropenem continuous infusion or intermittent boluses in any renal function subgroup. Having a lower eGFR was associated with a reduced emergence of PDR/XDR pathogens.

Keywords:
Antibiotic
Critical care
Pharmacokinetic
Renal function
Sepsis
Resumen
Objetivo

En pacientes sépticos, las alteraciones de la función renal son frecuentes y pueden afectar el tratamiento antibiótico. Este estudio evaluó la relación entre la función renal y la estrategia de administración de meropenem sobre un desenlace primario compuesto de mortalidad a 28 días y aparición de patógenos PDR/XDR. Además, se analizó el impacto de la función renal en los desenlaces clínicos y microbiológicos, independientemente de la estrategia de administración.

Diseño

Análisis secundario del ensayo clínico aleatorizado MERCY (Continuous Infusion versus Intermittent Administration of MERopenem in CriticallY Ill Patients).

Ámbito

Treinta y una unidades de cuidados intensivos en 4 países.

Pacientes

Todos los pacientes MERCY con tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (eGFR) conocida.

Intervenciones

Administración continua de meropenem o en bolos.

Variables de interés principales

eGFR, mortalidad, patógenos PDR o XDR.

Resultados

En el estudio MERCY, el eGFR estuvo disponible en el momento de la aleatorización para 586 pacientes: 311 tenían eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, 181 un eGFR entre 60−129 mL/min/1,73 m2 y 94 un eGFR≥130 mL/min/1,73 m2. La estrategia de administración de meropenem no afectó el desenlace primario en las categorías de eGFR (p de interacción = 0,60). Independientemente del grupo de aleatorización, los pacientes con eGFR<60 mL/min/1,73 m2 presentaron menor incidencia de nuevos patógenos XDR/PDR que aquellos con función renal normal (RR ajustado 0,65; IC 95% 0,45–0,95; p = 0.026).

Conclusiones

En el ensayo MERCY la infusión continua de meropenem no mostró beneficio frente a bolos intermitentes en ningún subgrupo renal. Un eGFR más bajo se asoció con menor aparición de patógenos PDR/ XDR.

Palabras clave:
Antibióticos
Cuidados críticos
Farmacocinética
Función renal
Sepsis

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