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Update In intensive care medicine
Available online 15 September 2026

Emergencies in the critically ill cancer patient

Emergencias en el paciente crítico con cáncer
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342
Alba López-Fdeza,1, Rocío Ruiz-Cachob,1, Sonia Mas-Fontc,2, Pedro Castrod,2,
Corresponding author
pcastro@clinic.cat

Corresponding author.
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Departamento de Salud Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria, Valencia, Spain
d Área de Vigilancia Intensiva, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Patients with cancer are an increasingly frequent population in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) worldwide. Although the main reasons for ICU admission are similar to those of other critically ill patients, cancer patients may experience severe complications that are specific to their underlying oncological condition. Such complications are known as oncological emergencies. These conditions differ from other critical illnesses in their pathophysiology and management, and prompt recognition is essential to improving patient outcomes. This article describes key features of selected oncological emergencies, outlines general management principles, and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic particularities of the most relevant conditions.

Keywords:
Cancer
Critical care
Leukostasis
Emergency
Resumen

Los pacientes con cáncer constituyen una población cada vez más frecuente en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de todo el mundo. Aunque sus principales causas de ingreso son comunes a las del resto de los pacientes críticos, pueden presentar complicaciones graves específicas de su proceso oncológico, conocidas como emergencias oncológicas. Estas poseen características diferenciales frente a otras entidades críticas desde el punto de vista de su fisiopatología y tratamiento, que es preciso conocer para poder mejorar su pronóstico. En el presente artículo se presentan las características fundamentales de una selección de las emergencias más relevantes en el paciente oncohematológico crítico, así como aspectos generales de su manejo y de sus particularidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer
Cuidados intensivos
Leucostasis
Emergencias

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