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Vol. 50. Issue 10.
(October 2026)
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Vol. 50. Issue 10.
(October 2026)
Original article

Evaluation and impact of the ABCDEF bundle in a neurocritical patient population: a prospective observational study

Evaluación e impacto del paquete ABCDEF en una población de pacientes neurocríticos: estudio prospectivo observacional
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Vanessa Campozanoa,b,
Corresponding author
vane_campozanomd@outlook.com

Corresponding author.
, Presley Gruezo-Realpec,d,
Corresponding author
presleygruezorealpe@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Israel Rosero-Basurtoe, Xavier Grandese, Luis Montalvo Alvaradoe, Francisco Mercado Villamarb, Carola Giménez-Esparzaf, Daniel Agustín Godoyg
a Departamento de Posgrado de la Especialidad de Medicina Crítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
b Servicio de Medicina Crítica y Terapia Intensiva, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Guayaquil, Ecuador
c Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública “Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez”, Ecuador
d Departamento de Investigación Hospitalaria, Hospital Alfredo Paulson, Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil, Ecuador
e Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
f Departamento de Medicina Crítica, Hospital Vega Baja, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
g Neurotrauma and Neurocritical Care Research Group, Meditech Foundation, Cali, Colombia
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Abstract
Objective

To evaluate the clinical impact of adherence to the ABCDEF bundle in neurocritical patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Ecuador.

Design

A retrospective, observational, single-center study conducted between 2022 and 2024.

Setting

The ICU of a tertiary-level hospital in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Patients or participants

Sixty adult neurocritical patients with ICU stays longer than 48 h were included. Patients were classified into two groups according to their adherence to the ABCDEF bundle: high adherence (≥4 components) and low adherence (≤3 components).

Interventions

Implementation of the ABCDEF bundle, including pain assessment, individualized sedation, delirium screening, early mobilization, and family participation.

The main outcome measures were ICU mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), ICU length of stay, and incidence of delirium.

Results

High adherence was associated with a shorter MV duration (median 11 [IQR 7–15.8] vs. 15 [15–18] days; p = 0.001) and shorter ICU stay (15 [10–20] vs. 20 [18–21.8] days; p =  0.016). Mortality was lower in the high-adherence group (23.3% vs. 46.7%), although this difference was not statistically significant in the bivariate analysis (p = 0.104). In the multivariate analysis, low adherence was independently associated with higher mortality (OR: 4.51; 95%CI: 1.07–19.05; p = 0.040). The incidence of delirium was higher in the high-adherence group (53.3% vs. 0%; p < 0.001), a finding that requires further investigation to clarify its clinical significance.

Conclusions

Adherence to the ABCDEF bundle was associated with improved clinical outcomes in neurocritical patients, supporting its implementation in ICUs with limited resources.

Keywords:
ICU
ABCDEF bundle
Delirium
Mechanical ventilation
Mortality
Neurocritical care
Latin America
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar el impacto clínico de la adherencia al paquete ABCDEF en pacientes neurocríticos ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de Ecuador.

Diseño

Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, realizado entre 2022 y 2024.

Ámbito

UCI en hospital de tercer nivel en Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Pacientes o participantes

Se incluyeron 60 pacientes adultos neurocríticos con estancia en UCI mayor a 48 horas. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según la adherencia al paquete ABCDEF en dos grupos: alta adherencia (≥4 componentes) y baja adherencia (≤3 componentes)

Intervenciones

Implementación del paquete ABCDEF con evaluación del dolor, sedación individualizada, cribado de delirium, movilización precoz y participación familiar.

Variables de interés principales Mortalidad en UCI, duración de ventilación mecánica (VM), días de estancia en UCI e incidencia de delirium.

Resultados

La alta adherencia se asoció con una menor duración de VM (mediana 11 [RIC 7–15,8] vs. 15 [15–18] días; p = 0,001) y una menor estancia en UCI (15 [10–20] vs. 20 [18–21.8] días; p = 0,016). La mortalidad fue menor en el grupo adherente (23,3% vs. 46,7%), aunque la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa en el análisis bivariado (p = 0,104). En el análisis multivariado, la baja adherencia se asoció con una mayor mortalidad (OR: 4,51; IC 95%: 1,07–19,05; p = 0,040). La incidencia de delirium fue mayor en el grupo adherente (53,3% vs. 0%; p < 0,001), hallazgo que requiere estudios adicionales para esclarecer su interpretación clínica.

Conclusiones

La adherencia al paquete ABCDEF se asoció con mejores desenlaces clínicos en pacientes neurocríticos, lo que respalda su implementación en UCI con recursos limitados.

Palabras clave:
UCI
Paquete ABCDEF
Delirium
Ventilación mecánica
Mortalidad
Cuidados neurocríticos
Latinoamérica

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