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Original article
Available online 8 September 2026

Gender perspective in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training: Evaluation of an educational intervention using a simulator with female anatomy

Perspectiva de género en la formación en reanimación cardiopulmonar: evaluación de una intervención formativa con simulador con anatomía femenina
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José Higinio de Gea Garcíaa,b,c,
Corresponding author
josehdegea@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Diego Lorenzo Adánezd, Antonia del Amor Cantero Sandovalb,c,e, Roxana Soledad Rojas Luánc,e, M. Gracia Adánez Martínezb,c,e
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
c Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB) Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
d Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
e Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (HCUVA), Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To evaluate knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to patient sex, and to analyze whether a gender-perspective training intervention can influence these aspects.

Design

Quasi-experimental study with random allocation and pre-post evaluation.

Setting

Faculty of Medicine (University of Murcia).

Participants

96 students; 42% men and 58% women.

Interventions

Participants completed a baseline survey and performed a simulation using a mannequin with female anatomy. Subsequently, they were randomized to an experimental or control group. The experimental group received a CPR training workshop with a gender perspective and repeated both the survey and the simulation, while the control group completed both evaluations without training.

Main variables of interest

Theoretical knowledge, perception of safety, performance of technical skills, and attitude toward CPR in women.

Results

At baseline, no differences were observed between the two groups. After the intervention, the experimental group showed higher perception of safety, with significant improvements in chest exposure (5 [1–8] vs 2 [1–4], P < .001), reduction of fear of misinterpretations (7 [3–8] vs 3 [1–6], P < .001), and perception that breasts may affect CPR (6 [5–8] vs 3 [1–5], P < .001). In addition, better CPR performance and appropriate placement of defibrillator pads (31.6% vs 84.2%, P < .001) in relation to breast anatomy.

Conclusions

Training with a gender perspective is associated with improved knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward the resuscitation of women and may contribute to reducing training barriers and increasing confidence of future professionals.

Keywords:
Cardiac arrest
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Sex factors
Education
Simulation training
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes en reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) según el sexo del paciente y analizar si una intervención formativa con perspectiva de género puede influir en estos aspectos.

Diseño

Estudio cuasiexperimental con asignación aleatoria y evaluación pre y postintervención formativa.

Ámbito

Facultad de Medicina (Universidad de Murcia).

Participantes

96 alumnos; 42% hombres y 58% mujeres.

Intervenciones

Los participantes completaron una encuesta basal y realizaron una simulación utilizando un simulador de anatomía femenina. Posteriormente, fueron aleatorizados a un grupo experimental o control. El grupo experimental recibió un taller formativo en RCP con perspectiva de género y repitió tanto la encuesta como la simulación, mientras que el grupo control completó ambas evaluaciones sin formación.

Variables de interés

Conocimientos teóricos, percepción de seguridad, ejecución de habilidades técnicas y actitud ante la RCP en mujeres.

Resultados

En la evaluación basal no hubo diferencias entre grupos. Tras la intervención, el grupo experimental mostró mayor percepción de seguridad, con mejoras significativas en exposición del tórax (5 [1–8] vs 2 [1–4], P < ,001), reducción del miedo a malinterpretaciones (7 [3–8] vs 3 [1–6], P < ,001) y percepción de que las mamas pueden condicionar la RCP (6 [5–8] vs 3 [1–5], P < ,001). Además, mejor ejecución de la RCP y colocación adecuada de los parches del desfibrilador (31,6% vs 84,2%, P < ,001) en relación con la anatomía mamaria.

Conclusiones

La formación con perspectiva de género se asocia a mejora de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes ante la reanimación de mujeres, pudiendo reducir barreras formativas y aumentar la seguridad de futuros profesionales.

Palabras clave:
Parada cardíaca
Reanimación cardiopulmonar
Diferencias de género
Educación
Entrenamiento simulado

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