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Vol. 50. Issue 10.
(October 2026)
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Vol. 50. Issue 10.
(October 2026)
Original article

Obesity paradox in sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of short- and long-term mortality risks

Paradoja de la obesidad en la sepsis: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de los riesgos de mortalidad a corto y largo plazo
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Sa Yanga, Shuying Yanga, Hongjie Lia, Hua Xua, Dingbin Liub,
Corresponding author
liudb@nankai.edu.cn

Correspondence author.
, Hongmei Gaoa,
Corresponding author
ghm182@163.com

Correspondence author.
a Department of Intensive Care Unit, Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Emergency Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
b College of Chemistry, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Abstract
Objective

To clarify the association of elevated BMI with short- and long-term mortality in sepsis, and to evaluate this association specifically in patients with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting

PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published up to December 2025. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria.

Participants

Twelve retrospective studies with 130755 adult sepsis patients. Elevated BMI was defined as ≥30 kg/m2; normal weight as 18.5–25.0 kg/m2.

Interventions

Not applicable.

Main variables of interest

Exposure: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Outcomes: short-term (28-day, 30-day, ICU, in-hospital) and long-term (1-year) mortality. A separate analysis targeted BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Results

An elevated BMI was associated with reduced short-term mortality (8 studies: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69–0.81; I2 = 11.8%), 28-/30-day mortality (5 studies: OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.81; I2 = 7.7%), and long-term mortality (2 studies: OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.60–0.77; I2 = 0.0%). This inverse association persisted in patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (4 studies: OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.79; I2 = 26.3%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness.

Conclusions

Elevated BMI is associated with lower short- and long-term mortality in sepsis, consistent with the obesity paradox. The inverse association also persisted in patients with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Keywords:
Sepsis
Obesity paradox
Body mass index
Mortality
Resumen
Objetivo

Clarificar la asociación entre el IMC elevado y la mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes con sepsis, así como analizar dicha asociación en aquellos con IMC ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Diseño

Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

Ámbito

Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Embase y la Cochrane Library de estudios publicados hasta diciembre de 2025. Doce estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión.

Participantes

Doce estudios retrospectivos con 130.755 pacientes adultos con sepsis. El IMC elevado se definió como ≥30 kg/m2; el peso normal como 18,5–25,0 kg/m2.

Intervenciones

No aplicable.

Variables de interés principales

Exposición: IMC ≥ 30 kg/m2. Resultados: mortalidad a corto plazo (28 días, 30 días, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, intrahospitalaria) y a largo plazo (1 año). Se realizó un análisis separado para pacientes con IMC ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Resultados

Un IMC elevado se asoció con una menor mortalidad a corto plazo (8 estudios: OR 0,75, IC del 95% 0,69–0,81; I2 = 11,8%), mortalidad a 28/30 días (5 estudios: OR 0,74, IC del 95% 0,68–0,81; I2 = 7,7%) y mortalidad a largo plazo (2 estudios: OR 0,68, IC del 95% 0,60–0,77; I2 = 0,0%). Esta asociación inversa persistió en pacientes con IMC ≥ 40 kg/m2 (4 estudios: OR 0,70, IC del 95% 0,62–0,79; I2 = 26,3%). Los análisis de sensibilidad confirmaron la robustez de los resultados.

Conclusiones

Un IMC elevado se asocia con una menor mortalidad a corto y largo plazo en pacientes con sepsis, en consonancia con la paradoja de la obesidad. La asociación inversa también persistió en pacientes con IMC ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Palabras clave:
Sepsis
Paradoja de la obesidad
Índice de masa corporal
Mortalidad

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