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Vol. 50. Issue 4.
(April 2026)
Update In intensive care medicine: Pediatric intensive care

Pediatric trauma: Where are we and where are we heading? A narrative review of recent evidence

Traumatismo pediátrico, ¿dónde estamos y hacia dónde vamos? Revisión narrativa de la evidencia reciente
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Luis Renter Valdovinosa, Ander Ceña Setienb, Javier Rodríguez-Fanjulc, Jesús Abelardo Barea-Mendozad,
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a Servei de Medicina Pediàtrica, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
b Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
c Unitat de Cures Intensives Pediàtriques, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
d UCI de Trauma y Emergencias, Servicio Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Trauma is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents. This article reviews recent advances in the management of severe pediatric trauma, emphasizing the importance of well-organized trauma systems, effective triage, and protocols specifically adapted to pediatric physiology. Current strategies for damage-control resuscitation are discussed, including the use of blood products, vasoactive support, and novel predictive indices for shock severity. In traumatic brain injury, the role of multimodal neuromonitoring and individualized management of intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures is reviewed. The need to move beyond adult-centered approaches and tailor care to pediatric-specific characteristics is strongly emphasized. Finally, the main research priorities in pediatric trauma are outlined, which are essential for improving survival and functional recovery in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Pediatrics
Pediatric critical care
Trauma systems
Severe trauma
Head trauma
Resumen

El trauma es la principal causa de muerte en niños y adolescentes. El presente artículo revisa los avances recientes en la atención al trauma pediátrico grave, destacando la importancia de sistemas de trauma bien organizados, triaje efectivo y protocolos específicos adaptados a la fisiología infantil. Se analizan las estrategias actuales de resucitación con control de daños, incluyendo el uso de hemoderivados, soporte vasoactivo y nuevos scores de predicción de shock. En el traumatismo craneoencefálico, se revisa el papel de la neuromonitorización multimodal así como la gestión individualizada de la presión intracraneal y la presión de perfusión cerebral. Se enfatiza la necesidad de adaptar los cuidados a las particularidades pediátricas, alejándose de modelos exclusivamente derivados de adultos. Finalmente, se presentan las principales líneas de investigación en trauma pediátrico, fundamentales para mejorar la supervivencia y la recuperación funcional de los pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Pediatría
Cuidados intensivos pediátricos
Sistemas de trauma
Trauma grave
Trauma craneal

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