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Update In intensive care medicine
Available online 24 April 2026

Updated management of acute pancreatitis in intensive care medicine

Manejo actualizado de la pancreatitis aguda en medicina intensiva
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Felix Zubia-Olaskoagaa,
Corresponding author
, Eva Santafosta Gómezb, Sonia López Cuencac, Ignacio Sáez de la Fuented
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Organización Sanitaria Integrada Donostialdea, Osakidetza-Servicio Vasco de Salud, Departamento de Medicina, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-Universidad del País Vasco, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
b Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
c Unidad de cuidados intensivos, Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is defined as acute inflammation of the pancreas. The diagnosis of the condition is made on the basis of three key factors: epigastric pain, elevated enzymes levels and abnormal imagine tests. The classification of such cases is determined by the presence or absence of organ failure and the stage of (peri)pancreatic necrosis. Cases with persistent organ failure should be referred to the Intensive Care Unit. Management strategies emphasize supportive measures, adequate hydration, effective pain management, and the early initiation of nutrition. The use of antibiotics as a prophylactic measure is to be avoided. Surgery is indicated in cases of hollow organ perforation, intestinal ischemia, or failure of medical treatment in compartment syndrome. In general, the management of infected necrosis should be conservative or minimally invasive. However, should the condition develop before encapsulation and be associated with organ failure, noninvasive drainage is indicated. If such management proves ineffective, open necrosectomy should be considered.

Keywords:
Acute pancreatitis
(Peri)pancreatic necrosis
Organ failure
Resumen

La pancreatitis aguda (PA) se define como la inflamación aguda del páncreas. Se diagnostica por epigastralgia, aumento de enzimas y alteraciones en las pruebas de imagen. Se clasifica según la existencia de fracaso orgánico (FO) y el estado de la necrosis (peri)pancreática. Los casos con FO persistente deben ingresar en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). El manejo se basa en medidas de soporte, hidratación, control del dolor e inicio de la nutrición de forma precoz. Los antibióticos no se deben usar de forma profiláctica. La cirugía se realiza si aparecen perforación de víscera hueca, isquemia intestinal o fracaso del tratamiento médico en el síndrome compartimental. La necrosis infectada (NI), como norma general, debe manejarse de forma conservadora o mínimamente invasiva. Pero si se desarrolla antes de que esté encapsulada y se asocia a FO, hay que recurrir al drenaje no invasivo y, si este fracasa, a la necrosectomía abierta.

Palabras clave:
Pancreatitis aguda
Necrosis (peri)pancreática
Fracaso orgánico

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