Blunt Cardiac Trauma: Atrioventricular Valve Disruption and Ventricular Septal Defect
Section snippets
Comment
Nonpenetrating cardiac trauma may result from one or a combination of several forces applied to the body: (1) direct, (2) indirect, (3) bidirectional or compressive, (4) decelerative, (5) blast, (6) concussive, and (7) combined. Indirect forces resulting in elevation of intravascular hydrostatic forces may produce cardiac chamber or valve rupture. The incidence of nonpenetrating cardiac trauma has been reported as low as 0.1% in an autopsy series reported by Parmley and associates [1], but
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Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.