European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2005: Section 1. Introduction
Section snippets
Consensus on science
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was formed in 1993.9 Its mission is to identify and review international science and knowledge relevant to CPR, and to offer consensus on treatment recommendations. The process for the latest resuscitation guideline update began in 2003, when ILCOR representatives established six task forces: basic life support; advanced cardiac life support; acute coronary syndromes; paediatric life support; neonatal life support; and an
From science to guidelines
The resuscitation organisations forming ILCOR will publish individual resuscitation guidelines that are consistent with the science in the consensus document, but will also consider geographic, economic and system differences in practice, and the availability of medical devices and drugs. These 2005 ERC Resuscitation Guidelines are derived from the CoSTR document but represent consensus among members of the ERC Executive Committee. The ERC Executive Committee considers these new recommendations
Demographics
Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the world.13, 14, 15, 16, 17 Sudden cardiac arrest is responsible for more than 60% of adult deaths from coronary heart disease.18 Based on data from Scotland and from five cities in other parts of Europe, the annual incidence of resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest of cardiac aetiology is 49.5–66 per 100,000 population.19, 20 The Scottish study includes data on 21,175 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, and provides
The Chain of Survival
The actions linking the victim of sudden cardiac arrest with survival are called the Chain of Survival. They include early recognition of the emergency and activation of the emergency services, early CPR, early defibrillation and early advanced life support. The infant-and-child Chain of Survival includes prevention of conditions leading to the cardiopulmonary arrest, early CPR, early activation of the emergency services and early advanced life support. In hospital, the importance of early
The universal algorithm
The adult basic, adult advanced and paediatric resuscitation algorithms have been updated to reflect changes in the ERC Guidelines. Every effort has been made to keep these algorithms simple yet applicable to cardiac arrest victims in most circumstances. Rescuers begin CPR if the victim is unconscious or unresponsive, and not breathing normally (ignoring occasional gasps). A single compression–ventilation (CV) ratio of 30:2 is used for the single rescuer of an adult or child (excluding
Quality of CPR
Interruptions to chest compressions must be minimised. On stopping chest compressions, the coronary flow decreases substantially; on resuming chest compressions, several compressions are necessary before the coronary flow recovers to its previous level.27 Recent evidence indicates that unnecessary interruptions to chest compressions occur frequently both in and out of hospital.28, 29, 30, 31 Resuscitation instructors must emphasise the importance of minimising interruptions to chest
Summary
It is intended that these new guidelines will improve the practice of resuscitation and, ultimately, the outcome from cardiac arrest. The universal ratio of 30 compressions to two ventilations should decrease the number of interruptions in compression, reduce the likelihood of hyperventilation, simplify instruction for teaching and improve skill retention. The single-shock strategy should minimise ‘no-flow’ time. Resuscitation course materials are being updated to reflect these new guidelines.
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Augmented reality training in basic life support with the help of smart glasses. A pilot study
2023, Resuscitation PlusEuropean Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary
2021, ResuscitationCitation Excerpt :In 2000, international guidelines were produced in collaboration with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR)9 which the ERC went on to summarise in 2001.10 After this, ERC guidelines were produced every 5 years: 2005,11 201012 and 2015.13 From 2017 the ERC has published annual updates14,15 linked to the publications of ILCOR Consensus on Science and Treatment Recommendation (CoSTR) publications.16,17
Meta-Analysis Comparing Cardiac Arrest Outcomes Before and After Resuscitation Guideline Updates
2020, American Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Given the challenging conditions to conduct studies in the setting of cardiac arrest, new guidelines are often a mixture of randomized clinical evidence, expert opinions, mathematical models, and animal studies. Our present findings can be considered supportive evidence for the current procedures followed to update CPR guidelines (Figure 4).4–9 Second, our findings underscore the importance of a continuous process of outcome monitoring in a variety of countries, including a diversity of EMS systems, and large numbers of patients.
Value of EEG reactivity for prediction of neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest: Insights from the Parisian registry
2019, ResuscitationCitation Excerpt :Sedation level was assessed by nurses every 3 h and awakening was defined by the presence of 3 consecutive RASS scores of at least −2 (patient briefly awakens with eye contact to voice), as previously reported.19 In patients who were still comatose 72 h after sedation discontinuation, a multimodal prognostication protocol was used, according to current guidelines (ESM).3,20–22 Burst suppression or refractory status epilepticus were part of our algorithm.
The chain of survival: Not all links are equal
2018, Resuscitation