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Available online 2 May 2024
Factors associated with vasoplegic shock in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery and influence on morbidity and mortality of the use of arginine vasopressin as rescue therapy
Factores asociados a shock vasopléjico en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca e influencia en la morbimortalidad del uso de arginina vasopresina como terapia de rescate
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María Barrera Sánchez, Cristina Royo Villa, Pablo Ruiz de Gopegui Miguelena
Corresponding author
pruizdegopegui@salud.aragon.es

Corresponding author.
, Pablo Gutiérrez Ibañes, Andrés Carrillo López
Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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Received 02 January 2024. Accepted 11 March 2024
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Demographic. Epidemiological, comorbidities, and chronic treatment data.
Table 2. Perioperative data.
Table 3. Variables with an independent association with post-ECC vasoplegia.
Table 4. Medical and surgical complications at the ICU admission.
Table 5. Patients with post-ECC vasoplegic shock. Factors associated with and increased severity and need for VSP therapy. Prognosis of post-ECC vasoplegia.
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Abstract
Objectives

Analyzing associated factors with vasoplegic shock in the postoperative period of Cardiac Surgery. Analyzing the influence of vasopressin as rescue therapy to first-line treatment with norepinephrine.

Design

Cohort, prospective and observational study.

Setting

Main hospital Postoperative Cardiac ICU.

Patients

Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with subsequent ICU admission from January 2021 to December 2022.

Interventions

Record of presurgical, perioperative and ICU discharge clinical variables.

Main variables of interest

chronic treatment, presence of vasoplegic shock, need for vasopressin, cardiopulmonary bypass time, mortality.

Results

773 patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age was 67.3, with predominance of males (65.7%). Post-CPB vasoplegia was documented in 94 patients (12.2%). In multivariate analysis, vasoplegia was associated with age, female sex, presurgical creatinine levels, cardiopulmonary bypass time, lactate level upon admission to the ICU, and need for prothrombin complex transfusion. Of the patients who developed vasoplegia, 18 (19%) required rescue vasopressin, associated with pre-surgical intake of ACEIs/ARBs, worse Euroscore score and longer cardiopulmonary bypass time. Refractory vasoplegia with vasopressin requirement was associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Conclusions

Postcardiopulmonary bypass vasoplegia is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Shortening cardiopulmonary bypass times and minimizing products blood transfusion could reduce its development. Removing ACEIs and ARBs prior to surgery could reduce the incidence of refractory vasoplegia requiring rescue with vasopressin. The first-line treatment is norepinephrine and rescue treatment with VSP is a good choice in refractory situations. The first-line treatment of this syndrome is norepinephrine, although rescue with vasopressin is a good complement in refractory situations.

Keywords:
Vasoplegic syndrome
Cardiac surgery
Cardio-pulmonary bypass
Norepinephrine
Vasopressin
Resumen
Objetivos

Analizar los factores asociados al shock vasopléjico en el postoperatorio de Cirugía Cardiaca. Analizar la influencia de la vasopresina como terapia de rescate al tratamiento de primera línea con noradrenalina.

Diseño

Estudio de cohortes, prospectivo y observacional.

Ámbito

UCI de Postoperatorio Cardiaco de hospital de tercer nivel.

Pacientes

Pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca con ingreso posterior en UCI desde enero de 2021 hasta diciembre de 2022.

Intervenciones

Registro de variables clínicas prequirúrgicas, perioperatorias y al alta de UCI.

Variables de interés principals

Tratamiento crónico, presencia de shock vasopléjico, necesidad de vasopresina, tiempo de circulación extracorpórea, mortalidad.

Resultados

773 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La edad media fue 67,3 años, predominio del sexo masculino (65,7%). Se documentó vasoplejia postCEC en 94 pacientes (12,2%). La vasoplejia se asoció independientemente con edad, sexo femenino, creatinina prequirúrgica, tiempo de circulación extracorpórea, lactato al ingreso en UCI y necesidad de complejo protrombínico. De los pacientes que desarrollaron vasoplejia, 18 (19%) precisaron vasopresina de rescate, asociándose con la toma prequirúrgica de IECAs/ARAII, peor Euroscore y mayor tiempo de circulación extracorpórea. La vasoplejia refractaria con necesidad de vasopresina se asoció a aumento de morbimortalidad.

Conclusiones

La vasoplejia post-circulación extracorpórea se asocia a aumento de morimortalidad. Acortar tiempos de circulación extracorpórea y minimizar necesidades trasfusionales podrían disminuir su desarrollo. Retirar IECAS y ARAII previa a la cirugía podría reducir la incidencia de vasoplejia refractaria con necesidad de rescate con vasopresina. El tratamiento de primera línea de este síndrome es la noradrenalina, si bien, el rescate con vasopresina es un buen complemento en situaciones de refractariedad.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome vasopléjico
Cirugía cardíaca
Bypass cardiopulmonar
Noradrenalina
Vasopresina

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