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Original article
Available online 16 June 2025
Neutrophil CD64 as a prognostic biomarker for mortality in sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
CD64 de los neutrófilos como biomarcador pronóstico de mortalidad en la sepsis: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis
Seo Hee Yoon
Corresponding author
yoonsh@yuhs.ac

Corresponding author.
, Sohyun Eun
Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Table 1. Characteristics of the included studies.
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Abstract
Objective

Sepsis remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. While neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) has demonstrated superior performance in detecting sepsis compared to conventional biomarkers, its prognostic value remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the performance of nCD64 in predicting mortality in patients with sepsis.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Settings

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was conducted up to January 28, 2025, to identify relevant studies.

Patients

Patients aged 16 years or older diagnosed with sepsis based on Sepsis-1, Sepsis-2, or Sepsis-3 criteria.

Interventions

Studies assessing the predictive accuracy of nCD64 for mortality and providing sufficient data for contingency table construction were included.

Main variables of interest

Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Overall predictive accuracy was assessed using the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

Eight studies involving 756 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR of nCD64 for predicting mortality were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.68–0.87), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56–0.77), and 7.71 (95% CI: 4.38–13.57), respectively. The predictive accuracy was 0.80.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that nCD64 may serve as a valuable auxiliary biomarker for identifying patients with sepsis at higher risk of mortality.

Keywords:
Biomarkers
Mortality
Prognosis
Receptors
IgG
Sepsis
Resumen
Objetivo

La sepsis sigue siendo una de las principales causas de mortalidad en todo el mundo. Aunque el CD64 de los neutrófilos (nCD64) ha demostrado un rendimiento superior en la detección de la sepsis en comparación con los biomarcadores convencionales, su valor pronóstico sigue sin estar claro. Este metaanálisis evalúa el rendimiento del nCD64 en la predicción de la mortalidad en pacientes con sepsis.

Diseño

Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis.

Ámbito

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en PubMed, Embase, la Biblioteca Cochrane y Web of Science hasta el 28 de enero de 2025 para identificar estudios relevantes.

Pacientes o participantes

Pacientes de 16 años o más diagnosticados con sepsis según los criterios de Sepsis-1, Sepsis-2 o Sepsis-3.

Intervenciones

Se incluyeron estudios que evaluaron la precisión predictiva del nCD64 para la mortalidad y que proporcionaron datos suficientes para la construcción de una tabla de contingencia.

Variables de interés principales

Se calcularon la sensibilidad, la especificidad y la razón de probabilidades diagnóstica (DOR) agrupadas con un intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95%. La precisión predictiva general se evaluó utilizando el área bajo la curva resumen de las características operativas del receptor.

Resultados

Se incluyeron ocho estudios con un total de 756 pacientes. La sensibilidad, la especificidad y la DOR agrupadas del nCD64 para predecir la mortalidad fueron 0.79 (IC del 95%: 0.68–0.87), 0.67 (IC del 95%: 0.56–0.77) y 7.71 (IC del 95%: 4.38–13.57), respectivamente. La precisión predictiva fue de 0.80.

Conclusiones

Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el nCD64 podría servir como un biomarcador auxiliar valioso para identificar a los pacientes con sepsis con mayor riesgo de mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
Biomarcadores
Mortalidad
Pronóstico
Receptores
IgG
Sepsis

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