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Los algoritmos habituales propuestos por la Difficult Airway Society no son siempre &#250;tiles&#44; ya que contemplan&#44; por ejemplo&#44; como alternativa&#44; el despertar al paciente y posponer el procedimiento&#44; lo que no es una opci&#243;n en el paciente cr&#237;tico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La IOT del paciente cr&#237;tico suele realizarse en las UCI&#44; pero&#44; en ocasiones&#44; la inestabilizaci&#243;n del paciente se produce fuera de los l&#237;mites f&#237;sicos de la UCI y obliga a su atenci&#243;n e IOT en planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a>&#46; Aunque se han hecho esfuerzos para la mejora de la seguridad del paciente sometido a un procedimiento de IOT urgente&#44; el estado y las condiciones de la situaci&#243;n no permiten una evaluaci&#243;n completa en todos los casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;9</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las complicaciones m&#225;s frecuentes son las alteraciones hemodin&#225;micas y respiratorias<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46; El riesgo de aparici&#243;n de estas complicaciones es multifactorial&#44; dependiendo de factores relacionados con el paciente&#44; la experiencia del personal que realiza la t&#233;cnica&#44; el manejo farmacol&#243;gico y las condiciones previas a la intubaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de su importancia vital&#44; son pocos los estudios que eval&#250;an la IOT en el paciente cr&#237;tico&#44; sus dificultades y las causas que contribuyen a la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los trabajos publicados presentan resultados heterog&#233;neos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;15&#44;16</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es conocer las caracter&#237;sticas de los procedimientos de IOT realizados por el personal m&#233;dico de nuestra UCI polivalente&#44; y describir las complicaciones graves y los factores de riesgo implicados en su aparici&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Material y m&#233;todo</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Poblaci&#243;n a estudio</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohortes prospectivo con la finalidad de describir y realizar un an&#225;lisis de factores de riesgo de la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones graves durante la realizaci&#243;n del procedimiento de IOT&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron todas las IOT hechas tanto en la UCI como en la planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n en pacientes de m&#225;s de 14 a&#241;os&#44; realizadas por el equipo de m&#233;dicos intensivistas de la UCI polivalente de 20 camas del Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida&#46; El periodo de estudio fue de 24 meses &#40;desde junio de 2008 hasta junio de 2010&#41;&#46; No se modific&#243; el procedimiento de intubaci&#243;n durante el periodo de estudio&#46; Se excluyeron las IOT realizadas mediante fibrobroncoscopio&#44; fast-track&#44; TrueView&#44; o con la asistencia de otro dispositivo diferente al fiador met&#225;lico maleable&#46; No se incluyeron las IOT realizadas en el Servicio de Urgencias ni en el &#225;rea quir&#250;rgica&#44; ya que dependen de los equipos de Urgencias y de Anestesiolog&#237;a&#44; respectivamente&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El Comit&#233; &#201;tico de Investigaci&#243;n Cl&#237;nica fue informado de la realizaci&#243;n del trabajo&#44; y dadas las caracter&#237;sticas del estudio&#44; no consider&#243; necesaria la obtenci&#243;n del consentimiento informado&#46; Se garantiz&#243; el anonimato de los pacientes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Procedimiento de intubaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para la IOT se dispon&#237;a del equipamiento est&#225;ndar con diferentes medidas de laringoscopio&#44; 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El intento de intubaci&#243;n se define como la colocaci&#243;n del laringoscopio en la boca del paciente con el objetivo de la intubaci&#243;n&#44; aunque no se logre insertar el tubo endotraqueal&#46; IOT dif&#237;cil se define como Cormack-Lehane III o IV en la visi&#243;n laringosc&#243;pica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> o necesidad de 3 o m&#225;s intentos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Recogida de datos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se recogieron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; diagn&#243;stico al ingreso&#44; valoraci&#243;n de la gravedad y presencia de enfermedad cr&#243;nica previa seg&#250;n APACHE II&#44; uso de tratamiento vasopresor&#44; duraci&#243;n de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; estancia y mortalidad en la UCI&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las indicaciones para la IOT se clasificaron en&#58; 1&#41; fallo respiratorio agudo definido como afectaci&#243;n pulmonar con una PO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#47;FiO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>200 dentro de los criterios de s&#237;ndrome de distr&#233;s respiratorio agudo definidos en la Conferencia-Consenso Americana-Europea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; y 2&#41; shock definido como tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica &#40;TAS&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg o tensi&#243;n arterial media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; coma con puntuaci&#243;n en la escala de Glasgow<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#44; parada cardiorrespiratoria&#44; recambio de tubo endotraqueal y extubaci&#243;n accidental<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;15</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se confeccion&#243; una hoja de recogida de datos dividida en 3 apartados&#58; 1&#41; datos previos al procedimiento&#44; como lugar y hora&#44; indicaci&#243;n de la intubaci&#243;n&#44; ventilaci&#243;n no invasiva previa&#44; frecuencia respiratoria y nivel de Glasgow&#59; 2&#41; datos del procedimiento con el estatus del m&#233;dico &#40;residente o adjunto&#41; que realizaba el procedimiento&#44; grado de Cormack-Lehane&#44; n&#250;mero de intentos&#44; aplicaci&#243;n de la maniobra de Sellick&#44; uso de fiador y preoxigenaci&#243;n con bolsa autoinflable de ventilaci&#243;n &#40;Amb&#250;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span>&#41;&#44; y 3&#41; datos posprocedimiento&#58; comprobaci&#243;n de la posici&#243;n del tubo mediante auscultaci&#243;n y radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las variables fisiol&#243;gicas de frecuencia cardiaca&#44; frecuencia respiratoria&#44; tensi&#243;n arterial y SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> se recogieron antes&#44; durante &#40;valores m&#225;s alterados&#41; y en los 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min despu&#233;s de la IOT&#46; La recogida de datos fue realizada por el m&#233;dico que realiz&#243; el procedimiento&#44; tras su finalizaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las complicaciones asociadas al procedimiento&#44; definidas en estudios previos&#44; se clasificaron en 2 grupos&#44; seg&#250;n su gravedad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;15</span></a>&#58; 1&#41; complicaciones mayores o graves con riesgo vital&#58; paro cardiaco o muerte&#44; alteraci&#243;n hemodin&#225;mica &#40;shock severo&#41; definida como TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg o necesidad de inicio de f&#225;rmacos vasopresores y alteraci&#243;n respiratoria &#40;hipoxemia&#41; definida como SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37;&#44; y 2&#41; complicaciones moderadas o menores&#58; intubaci&#243;n esof&#225;gica&#44; intubaci&#243;n selectiva&#44; aspiraci&#243;n de contenido g&#225;strico&#44; traumatismo dental o bucal y arritmia sin p&#233;rdida de pulso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos se presentaron como media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar o como porcentaje&#46; Para la comparaci&#243;n entre grupos se utiliz&#243; el test de chi-cuadrado para las variables discretas y el test de Mann-Whitney para las continuas&#46; Para determinar los factores de riesgo de aparici&#243;n de complicaciones se realiz&#243; un estudio de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#46; Se calcularon las odds ratio y sus intervalos de confianza al 95&#37;&#46; Las variables que fueron significativas en el estudio univariable se incluyeron en el estudio de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica m&#250;ltiple&#46; Se utiliz&#243; un sistema de selecci&#243;n de variables por pasos&#46; Las variables TAS y SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> previas a la IOT se categorizaron como TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg y SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La propiedad de discriminaci&#243;n del modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica se realiz&#243; mediante el c&#225;lculo del &#225;rea bajo la curva ROC &#40;con intervalo de confianza al 95&#37;&#41;&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el programa estad&#237;stico SPSS<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#174;</span> &#40;versi&#243;n 18&#46;0&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Resultados</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante el periodo de estudio ingresaron en la UCI 1&#46;015 pacientes&#44; de los cuales 599 &#40;43&#37;&#41; fueron sometidos a ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46; Doscientos cincuenta pacientes &#40;42&#37;&#41; fueron intubados por el personal de la UCI&#44; y el 57&#37; restante ingresaron intubados desde el Servicio de Urgencias o el quir&#243;fano&#46; Se realizaron 312 intubaciones&#44; pero se excluyeron 3 procedimientos por falta de recogida de datos&#46; En total&#44; el grupo de estudio lo formaron 309 intubaciones&#46; Los pacientes que sufrieron alguna complicaci&#243;n grave &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#41; tuvieron m&#225;s mortalidad que los que no la sufrieron &#40;39 vs&#46; 33&#37;&#41;&#44; pero sin alcanzar significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;385&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las 2 categor&#237;as de complicaciones se detallan en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Complicaciones mayores ocurrieron en 104 ocasiones &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#46; La complicaci&#243;n grave m&#225;s frecuente fue la alteraci&#243;n respiratoria&#44; seguida de la alteraci&#243;n hemodin&#225;mica&#46; Un 10&#37; de los pacientes presentaron ambas alteraciones&#46; Debemos destacar el fallecimiento de 3 pacientes &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#44; y la parada cardiaca ocurri&#243; en 5 &#40;2&#37;&#41; de los casos&#46; Dentro de las complicaciones leves moderadas &#40;en 156 IOT&#41; hubo 14 &#40;5&#37;&#41; pacientes que presentaron aspiraci&#243;n de contenido g&#225;strico y en 16 &#40;5&#37;&#41; se intub&#243; inicialmente en es&#243;fago&#46; La incidencia de IOT dif&#237;cil en el presente estudio fue del 9&#37;&#46; El traumatismo dental fue muy poco frecuente &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#44; en cambio&#44; el da&#241;o de partes blandas o sangrado de la cavidad oral estuvo presente en 52 &#40;17&#37;&#41; de los casos&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se muestra la comparaci&#243;n entre las IOT que presentaron complicaciones y las que no lo hicieron&#46; Encontramos diferencias significativas en la edad&#44; el diagn&#243;stico y la raz&#243;n para la IOT&#46; El principal motivo de intubaci&#243;n fue el fallo respiratorio agudo&#44; con un 48&#37; de los casos&#46; Las otras 2 situaciones que requirieron intubaci&#243;n fueron la alteraci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica&#44; seguida por el shock&#46; En 60 &#40;19&#37;&#41; casos la intubaci&#243;n fue por recambio de tubo y&#44; menos frecuentemente &#40;3&#37;&#41;&#44; por extubaci&#243;n no programada&#46; La aparici&#243;n de complicaciones no implic&#243; diferencias en los d&#237;as de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#44; estancia o mortalidad&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> se describen las condiciones previas al episodio de IOT&#46; Las IOT se realizaron durante todas las horas del d&#237;a &#40;turnos de ma&#241;ana&#44; tarde y noche&#41;&#46; El 76&#37; de las IOT se realizaron de forma inmediata&#46; La situaci&#243;n previa de los pacientes reflejaba un deterioro fisiol&#243;gico importante&#44; con un nivel de Glasgow de 11 puntos&#44; 29&#37; con ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no invasiva&#44; 13&#37; con infusi&#243;n de f&#225;rmacos vasopresores y un deterioro respiratorio con una SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> media del 88&#37;&#46; Las IOT con complicaciones presentaban un mayor porcentaje de IOT inmediatas&#44; una mayor tendencia a la hipotensi&#243;n y una SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> previa m&#225;s baja&#46; No obtuvimos diferencias en el nivel de Glasgow&#44; el soporte vasoactivo o la necesidad de ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no invasiva previa&#46; En cambio&#44; observamos un menor porcentaje de complicaciones cuando el paciente llevaba sonda nasog&#225;strica&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las condiciones durante el episodio de IOT se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#46; La IOT fue realizada prioritariamente por el m&#233;dico residente &#40;60&#37;&#41;&#44; destacando un menor nivel de complicaciones que cuando era realizada por el m&#233;dico adjunto&#46; Fue necesario m&#225;s de un intento de intubaci&#243;n en el 28&#37; de los casos&#44; relacion&#225;ndose con un aumento significativo de las complicaciones&#46; La utilizaci&#243;n de ayuda adicional con preoxigenaci&#243;n&#44; fiador o presi&#243;n cricoidea no obtuvo diferencias en la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones&#46; En cambio&#44; la presencia de secreciones&#44; el grado de Cormack-Lehane&#44; una menor TAS y una baja saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno s&#237; se relacionaron con un mayor porcentaje de complicaciones&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">figura 1</a> observamos la repercusi&#243;n de la IOT &#40;antes&#44; durante y despu&#233;s del procedimiento&#41; en frecuencia cardiaca&#44; SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> y TAS&#44; con un deterioro marcado de los 2 &#250;ltimos par&#225;metros en los pacientes con complicaciones&#46; Las necesidades de tratamiento vasopresor pasaron de 40 pacientes &#40;13&#37;&#41; antes de la IOT a 86 &#40;28&#37;&#41; despu&#233;s de esta&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41; mostr&#243; que la edad era un factor independiente para la presencia de complicaciones&#46; Otros factores de riesgo fueron una TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg y una SapO2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37; previos a la intubaci&#243;n&#44; y la presencia de secreciones en la cavidad bucofar&#237;ngea&#46; La realizaci&#243;n de m&#225;s de un intento tambi&#233;n se relacion&#243; con un aumento de las complicaciones&#46; El modelo obtuvo un &#225;rea bajo la curva ROC de 0&#44;79 &#40;0&#44;73-0&#44;84&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Seg&#250;n nuestros resultados&#44; en la intubaci&#243;n del paciente cr&#237;tico se presentan complicaciones de riesgo vital en m&#225;s de la tercera parte de los casos&#46; Nuestro grupo de pacientes presenta un porcentaje de complicaciones mayores superior al descrito por Griesdale et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> y Jaber et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; que fueron del 24 y 28&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#46; Estas discrepancias podr&#237;an explicarse por las diferentes caracter&#237;sticas de la poblaci&#243;n a estudio&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La IOT realizada por los m&#233;dicos intensivistas se caracteriza por practicarse en diversas situaciones cl&#237;nicas&#44; por diferentes motivos&#44; en diferentes &#225;mbitos y con distintos grados de urgencia&#44; pero que habitualmente suponen poco tiempo para la toma de decisiones y planificar la t&#233;cnica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;22&#8211;24</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El nivel de complicaciones graves observado&#44; ligeramente m&#225;s elevado que en estudios previos&#44; podr&#237;a explicarse por la inclusi&#243;n de las IOT realizadas por el m&#233;dico intensivista fuera de la UCI&#46; M&#225;s de la mitad de estos pacientes presentaron complicaciones en el manejo de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea&#44; que podr&#237;an justificarse por la situaci&#243;n inestable del paciente y la realizaci&#243;n de un procedimiento fuera del &#225;mbito de cr&#237;ticos&#44; sin poder disponer del equipamiento &#243;ptimo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La principal complicaci&#243;n grave detectada fue la hipoxemia severa con un descenso dram&#225;tico de la saturaci&#243;n durante el procedimiento&#44; a pesar de la preoxigenaci&#243;n previa que se realiz&#243; de forma mayoritaria&#46; Diversos factores se han relacionado con la aparici&#243;n de esta complicaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;27</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; en casi la mitad de los casos&#44; la indicaci&#243;n de IOT fue por fallo respiratorio agudo&#44; con una SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> media previa del 88&#37;&#44; lo que apoya el mayor riesgo de hipoxemia severa&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La segunda complicaci&#243;n de riesgo vital fue la alteraci&#243;n hemodin&#225;mica con hipotensi&#243;n posintubaci&#243;n asociada o no a desaturaci&#243;n&#46; Las alteraciones fisiol&#243;gicas relacionadas con el manejo de la v&#237;a a&#233;rea&#44; as&#237; como la situaci&#243;n previa del paciente&#44; son factores relacionados con el deterioro hemodin&#225;mico posintubaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13&#44;28</span></a>&#46; Otros factores&#44; como la elecci&#243;n del f&#225;rmaco para la inducci&#243;n&#44; pueden ser importantes para minimizar la hipotensi&#243;n en el paciente cr&#237;tico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46; En nuestro caso utilizamos el midazolam&#44; que tiene un menor efecto hipotensor en comparaci&#243;n con otros f&#225;rmacos&#44; como el propofol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; El etomidato y la ketamina no se utilizan como f&#225;rmacos inductores de forma rutinaria en nuestra unidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En cuanto a las complicaciones menos graves&#44; que no fueron objetivo principal en nuestro trabajo&#44; obtuvimos un bajo porcentaje de complicaciones mec&#225;nicas&#46; Los porcentajes de intubaci&#243;n esof&#225;gica y de dificultad en la IOT fueron similares a los de otras series publicadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;11&#44;15&#44;32</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Durante la IOT de estos pacientes se suele disponer de poco tiempo para unas adecuadas evaluaci&#243;n&#44; exploraci&#243;n y preparaci&#243;n previas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33&#44;34</span></a>&#46; En nuestra serie&#44; m&#225;s de las tres cuartas partes del total de IOT se realizaron de forma inmediata&#44; justificando un mayor nivel de complicaciones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; la enfermedad cr&#237;tica que requiere una intubaci&#243;n urgente suele acompa&#241;arse de una pobre respuesta a la preoxigenaci&#243;n previa&#44; hipotensi&#243;n en la inducci&#243;n anest&#233;sica&#44; riesgo de broncoaspiraci&#243;n por est&#243;mago lleno y la posibilidad de otras complicaciones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Encontramos 4 factores de riesgo&#44; que de forma independiente se asociaron a presentar una complicaci&#243;n grave durante el procedimiento de IOT&#46; Primero&#44; la edad&#44; que es un factor que no puede modificarse&#46; Tener una edad avanzada condiciona una peor respuesta a cualquier agresi&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; Debemos tener m&#225;s cuidado en la IOT de estos pacientes mayores y pudiera ser que realizar la indicaci&#243;n del procedimiento m&#225;s precozmente hiciera disminuir las complicaciones<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;38&#44;39</span></a>&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; hay 2 factores dependientes de la situaci&#243;n fisiol&#243;gica previa a la IOT&#58; la presencia de hipotensi&#243;n y&#47;o hipoxemia condiciona un mayor riesgo de complicaciones&#46; Estos factores podr&#237;an modificarse en algunos casos intentando optimizar las cifras de tensi&#243;n y oxigenaci&#243;n&#46; La preoxigenaci&#243;n y el uso precoz de vasopresores son fundamentales para mantener las condiciones previas de la IOT&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Otro factor como la presencia de secreciones en la cavidad bucofar&#237;ngea obstaculiza la visi&#243;n laringosc&#243;pica y se ha relacionado con dificultades en la realizaci&#243;n del procedimiento cuando se realiza en situaci&#243;n de urgencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En &#250;ltimo lugar&#44; necesitar m&#225;s de un intento para realizar la IOT aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones&#46; En un trabajo publicado por Mort se observ&#243; que las IOT realizadas en m&#225;s de 2 intentos presentaban un mayor porcentaje de hipoxemia&#44; bradicardia&#44; aspiraci&#243;n de contenido g&#225;strico y parada cardiaca<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&#46; Nuestro estudio&#44; en cambio&#44; muestra que en el paciente cr&#237;tico&#44; cuando no se logra la intubaci&#243;n en el primer intento ya nos enfrentamos a un aumento de complicaciones&#46; Debemos asegurar un nivel de aprendizaje para conseguir la destreza necesaria en la realizaci&#243;n de las t&#233;cnicas de UCI&#44; minimizando riesgos evitables para el paciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42&#8211;44</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La intubaci&#243;n fue realizada en el 60&#37; de los casos por el m&#233;dico interno residente de la UCI&#46; Y&#44; en estas ocasiones de IOT&#44; se presentaron menos complicaciones mayores&#46; Hay diversos estudios con resultados similares que tratan de justificar este menor porcentaje de complicaciones por la importancia de la presencia de 2 operadores durante el procedimiento&#44; o por el sesgo en la elecci&#243;n de personal m&#225;s entrenado en las IOT que se prev&#233;n m&#225;s complicadas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#44;42</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleBold">&#46;</span></p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio presenta varias limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; es un estudio observacional realizado en un solo centro y debe tenerse cuidado a la hora de extrapolar los resultados a otras situaciones cl&#237;nicas&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; la cumplimentaci&#243;n de los datos la realizaba el propio operador&#44; con la posibilidad de infraestimar o sobrevalorar la dificultad de intubaci&#243;n y sus complicaciones&#46; Asimismo&#44; no se puede garantizar que el nivel de experiencia fuera uniforme entre los operadores&#44; un fiel reflejo de la pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica habitual en los hospitales docentes&#44; donde habilidades y destrezas se adquieren de forma gradual&#46; Por &#250;ltimo&#44; la definici&#243;n de las complicaciones sigue siendo controvertida&#44; as&#237; como la distinci&#243;n entre alteraciones hemodin&#225;micas o respiratorias relacionadas con la enfermedad de base o con el propio procedimiento de IOT&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se precisan m&#225;s estudios para profundizar en la IOT del paciente cr&#237;tico&#44; sus peculiaridades y su manejo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45&#44;46</span></a>&#46; Dentro de las estrategias para prevenir las complicaciones en la IOT del paciente cr&#237;tico&#44; la implementaci&#243;n de un algoritmo de intubaci&#243;n podr&#237;a reducir las complicaciones relacionadas con el procedimiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;47</span></a>&#46; Asimismo&#44; disponer de un modelo sencillo que seleccione los pacientes con un mayor riesgo de presentar complicaciones graves durante la IOT podr&#237;a ser una herramienta &#250;til para su posible prevenci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No hay conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Conocer las caracter&#237;sticas de los procedimientos de intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal &#40;IOT&#41; en una Unidad de Medicina Intensiva&#44; describir las complicaciones graves relacionadas con el procedimiento y los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparici&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo de cohorte&#44; observacional&#44; durante un periodo de 2 a&#241;os&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente de un hospital universitario de segundo nivel&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Pacientes</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron todas las IOT &#40;309 procedimientos&#41; realizadas por el intensivista&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninguna&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables de inter&#233;s principal</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Datos cl&#237;nicos previos a la IOT&#44; durante y posintubaci&#243;n&#44; motivo de IOT y sus complicaciones&#46; An&#225;lisis de factores de riesgo mediante regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica m&#250;ltiple&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El 76&#37; de las IOT se realizaron de forma inmediata&#46; Se llevaron a cabo mayoritariamente por el m&#233;dico interno residente de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos &#40;60&#37;&#41;&#46; El 34&#37; de los procedimientos presentaron complicaciones graves con alteraci&#243;n respiratoria &#40;16&#37;&#41;&#44; hemodin&#225;mica &#40;5&#37;&#41; o ambas &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#46; Fallecieron 3 pacientes &#40;1&#37;&#41; y presentaron parada cardiaca el 2&#37; de los casos&#46; El an&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica mostr&#243; que la edad &#40;OR 1&#44;1&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;1-1&#44;2&#41;&#44; la tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;OR 3&#44;0&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;4-6&#44;4&#41; y la SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37; &#40;OR 4&#44;4&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;3-8&#44;1&#41; previos a la intubaci&#243;n&#44; la presencia de secreciones &#40;OR 2&#44;2&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;1-4&#44;6&#41; y la necesidad de m&#225;s de un intento &#40;OR 3&#44;5&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;4-8&#44;7&#41; fueron factores independientes para la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La IOT del paciente cr&#237;tico se asocia a complicaciones respiratorias y hemodin&#225;micas&#46; Los factores de riesgo independientes relacionados con la aparici&#243;n de complicaciones fueron la edad avanzada&#44; la hipotensi&#243;n&#44; la hipoxemia previa&#44; las secreciones y la necesidad de m&#225;s de un intento&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objective</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A study is made to determine the characteristics of endotracheal intubation &#40;ETI&#41; procedures performed in an Intensive Care Unit&#44; and to describe the associated severe complications and related risk factors&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Design</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective cohort study involving a 2-year period was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Setting</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The combined clinical&#47;surgical Intensive Care Unit in a secondary university hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Patients</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">All ETIs carried out by intensivists were included&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Interventions</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">None&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Main variables</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed the data associated with the patient&#44; the procedure and the postoperative complications after intubation&#46; The study of risk factors was performed using multiple logistic regression analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Results</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Seventy-six percent of the ETIs were performed immediately&#46; Most of them were carried out by Intensive Care Units residents &#40;60&#37;&#41;&#46; A total of 34&#37; of the procedures had severe complications&#44; including respiratory &#40;16&#37;&#41; or hemodynamic &#40;5&#37;&#41; disorders&#44; or both &#40;10&#37;&#41;&#46; Three patients died &#40;1&#37;&#41;&#44; and 2&#37; of the subjects experienced cardiac arrest&#46; Logistic regression analysis identified the following independent risk factors for complications&#58; age &#40;OR 1&#46;1&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;1-1&#46;2&#41;&#44; systolic blood pressure<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;OR 3&#46;0&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;4-6&#46;4&#41; and SpO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37; &#40;OR 4&#46;4&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 2&#46;3-8&#46;1&#41; prior to intubation&#44; the presence of secretions &#40;OR 2&#46;2&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;1-4&#46;6&#41;&#44; and the need for more than one ETI attempt &#40;OR 3&#46;5&#59; 95&#37; CI&#58; 1&#46;4-8&#46;7&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ETI in Intensive Care Unit patients is associated with respiratory and hemodynamic complications&#46; The independent risk factors associated with the development of complications were advanced age&#44; hypotension and previous hypoxemia&#44; the presence of secretions&#44; and the need for more than one ETI attempt&#46;</p></span>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Variaciones de los par&#225;metros de frecuencia cardiaca&#44; tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica y saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno &#40;pulsioximetr&#237;a&#41;&#44; antes&#44; durante y despu&#233;s de la intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal&#44; diferenciando procedimiento complicado y no complicado&#46; Valores mostrados como media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>intervalo de confianza del 95&#37;&#46;</p> <p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FC&#58; frecuencia cardiaca&#59; SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno &#40;pulsioximetria&#41;&#59; TAS&#58; tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Exitus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratorias<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>hemodin&#225;micas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">156 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traumatismo&#47;sangre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traumatismo&#47;labio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traumatismo&#47;diente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Intubaci&#243;n esof&#225;gica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16 &#40;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Arritmia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">26 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IOT dif&#237;cil&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">29 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IOT&#58; intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal&#59; UCI&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#59; VM&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica&#46;</p><p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores expresados como n &#40;&#37;&#41; o media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#46; p calculada con chi-cuadrado o test de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>309&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Grupos de edad &#40;a&#241;os&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;014&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>46-60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>61-75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">59 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">G&#233;nero masculino</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">214 &#40;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#40;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">138 &#40;67&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;300&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">APACHE II&#44; puntuaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">17<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;120&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diagn&#243;sticos &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;145&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Traum&#225;tico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">15 &#40;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Neurol&#243;gico&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sepsis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">8 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">18 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Posoperatorio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">56 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">23 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Otros &#40;m&#233;dicos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72 &#40;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">31 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Motivo IOT &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">149 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;52&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95 &#40;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Shock&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">12 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Coma&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">58 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">21 &#40;20&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Parada cardiorrespiratoria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Recambio tubo orotraqueal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60 &#40;19&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">7 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53 &#40;26&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Extubaci&#243;n accidental&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">9 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">6 &#40;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Estancia &#40;d&#237;as&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">27<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;184&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duraci&#243;n de VM &#40;d&#237;as&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">19<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;377&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortalidad UCI &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">101 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">42 &#40;41&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">61 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;067&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1430400.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas de los episodios de intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal en el grupo total y seg&#250;n presencia de complicaciones</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0130" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FC&#58; frecuencia card&#237;aca&#59; FR&#58; frecuencia respiratoria&#59; IOT&#58; intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal&#59; SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno &#40;pulsioximetr&#237;a&#41;&#59; SNG&#58; sonda nasog&#225;strica&#59; TAS&#58; tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#59; UCI&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#59; VMNI&#58; ventilaci&#243;n mec&#225;nica no invasiva&#46;</p><p id="spar0135" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores expresados como n &#40;&#37;&#41; o media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#46; p calculada con chi-cuadrado o test de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>309&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Turno</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;612&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ma&#241;ana&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">110 &#40;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">34 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tarde&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">32 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">65 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Noche&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">102 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">64 &#40;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fuera de UCI</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">48 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">28 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20 &#40;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IOT inmediata</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">235 &#40;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92 &#40;89&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">143 &#40;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vasopresores</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">40 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24 &#40;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;346&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VMNI</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91 &#40;29&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;623&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SNG</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">33 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97 &#40;47&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Glasgow Score</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;101&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FR</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">26<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;883&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TAS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">116<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">126<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">101<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;933&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SapO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">81<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1430402.png"
              ]
            ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0125" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Condiciones previas al episodio de intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal en el grupo total y seg&#250;n presencia de complicaciones</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0145" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">FC&#58; frecuencia card&#237;aca&#59; SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno &#40;pulsioximetr&#237;a&#41;&#59; TAS&#58; tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#46;</p><p id="spar0150" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Valores expresados como n &#40;&#37;&#41; o media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DE&#46; p calculada con chi-cuadrado o test de Mann-Whitney&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>309&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>104&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No complicaciones &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>205&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Operador</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;026&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Adjunto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">125 &#40;40&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">73 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Residente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">184 &#40;60&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">54 &#40;30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 &#40;70&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="5" align="char" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Intento</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">41 &#40;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Secreciones orofaringe</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82 &#40;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38 &#40;37&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">44 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Traum&#225;tica &#40;sangre&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">52 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">30 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Preoxigenaci&#243;n</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">224 &#40;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79 &#40;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">145 &#40;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;331&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Fiador</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">103 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">37 &#40;36&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">66 &#40;32&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;551&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Presi&#243;n cricoides</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">67 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">22 &#40;21&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">45 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;872&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cormack-Lehane</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;007&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">190 &#40;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">50 &#40;48&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">140 &#40;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85 &#40;28&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">39 &#40;38&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">46 &#40;22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>2B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">29 &#40;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">13 &#40;13&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">16 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">5 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">TAS</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>44&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">68<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">116<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FC</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">78<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>55&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#44;077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SapO</span><span class="elsevierStyleInf"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2</span></span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">82<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">53<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0140" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Condiciones durante al episodio de intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal en el grupo total y seg&#250;n presencia de complicaciones</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0160" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IC&#58; intervalo de confianza&#59; IOT&#58; intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal&#59; NS&#58; no significativo estad&#237;sticamente&#59; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de ox&#237;geno &#40;pulsioximetr&#237;a&#41;&#59; TAS&#58; tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#59; UCI&#58; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariante&#44; OR &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivariante&#44; OR &#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Edad en a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;1 &#40;1&#44;1-1&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">1&#44;1 &#40;1&#44;1-1&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TAS<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;previa a IOT&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;2 &#40;3&#44;3-11&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;0 &#40;1&#44;4-6&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">SapO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8804;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mmHg &#40;previa a IOT&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">6&#44;0 &#40;3&#44;5-10&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">4&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;3-8&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1 intento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;7 &#40;1&#44;2-5&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">3&#44;5 &#40;1&#44;4-8&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Secreciones&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#44;1 &#40;1&#44;3-3&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">2&#44;2 &#40;1&#44;1-4&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Operador adjunto&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#44;7 &#40;1&#44;1-2&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#44;2 &#40;1&#44;6-6&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0155" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An&#225;lisis de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica de las variables que aumentan el riesgo de tener complicaciones en la intubaci&#243;n orotraqueal</p>"
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Vol. 39. Núm. 1.
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Vol. 39. Núm. 1.
Páginas 26-33 (enero - febrero 2015)
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Complicaciones graves en la intubación orotraqueal en cuidados intensivos: estudio observacional y análisis de factores de riesgo
Severe complications of orotracheal intubation in the Intensive Care Unit: An observational study and analysis of risk factors
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M. Badiaa, N. Montserrata, L. Serviáa, I. Baezaa, G. Belloa, J. Vilanovaa, S. Rodríguez-Ruiza, J. Trujillanob,
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jtruji@cmb.udl.es

Autor para correspondencia.
a Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España
b Universidad de Lleida, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Lleida, España
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