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depending on the time of day at which admission takes place&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Specifically&#44; the present study evaluates the repercussions of the timing of admission to the ICU upon patient prognosis in an ICU based on the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; model<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> of proactive early detection of patients at risk in hospital but outside the ICU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prospective&#44; non-interventional observational cohort study was carried out&#44; involving patients consecutively admitted to an adult polyvalent medical-surgical ICU with 8 beds in a 210-bed second-level hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included all the patients admitted to the Unit in the course of a three-year period from January 2010 to December 2012&#44; excluding those subjects coming from the operating room after scheduled surgery&#46; In the case of patients readmitted to the ICU&#44; we only considered the first admission&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The activity of the intensivists during the study period was distributed as follows&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Daily morning shift</span>&#58; from 8 a&#46;m&#46; to 3 p&#46;m&#46;&#44; with the presence of the entire Unit personnel members &#40;except those coming off duty and those who worked during the afternoon shift of the previous day&#41;&#46; The &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activities are conducted during this shift&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Daily afternoon shift</span>&#58; from 3 p&#46;m&#46; to 10 p&#46;m&#46;&#44; with the presence of two intensivists&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Night shift</span>&#44; from 10 p&#46;m&#46; to 8 a&#46;m&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">weekends</span> &#40;Saturdays and Sundays&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">holidays</span>&#44; with the presence of a single intensivist on duty&#44; along with the usual personnel on duty in the rest of the hospital&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the effects of analysis&#44; the patients were distributed into two groups&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A first group&#44; referred to as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span>&#44; involving the patients admitted during the daily morning and afternoon shifts &#40;shifts 1 and 2&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A second group&#44; referred to as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#44; involving the patients admitted during the night shift&#44; weekends and holidays &#40;shift 3&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An analysis was made of demographic parameters &#40;age&#44; gender&#41;&#44; patient origin &#40;emergency care&#44; hospital admission ward&#44; operating room&#41;&#44; patient type &#40;medical&#44; surgical&#41;&#44; comorbidities &#40;defined as those comorbidities reflected in the case history&#44; with current or previous treatment for the chronic disorder involved&#41;&#44; the SAPS &#40;Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#41; 3 as a measure of severity upon admission&#44; stay in the ICU and in hospital&#44; and in-ICU and in-hospital mortality&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The operation of our ICU incorporates the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; model&#44; which involves the proactive early detection of patients at risk in the hospital&#44; with intervention of the intensivists outside the ICU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> Our secondary objective was to determine whether this model is able to influence the results obtained&#46; With this in mind&#44; we designed a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> analysis&#44; differentiating between two subgroups within the off-hours patient group&#46; The subgroups were distinguished on the basis of the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activities&#44; which only take place in subgroup 1&#44; and not in subgroup 2&#46; However&#44; in both subgroups the general personnel working in the hospital was the same&#44; and lower in number than in the on-hours group&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subgroup 1</span>&#58; patients admitted during the daily night shift</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subgroup 2</span>&#58; patients admitted on weekends and holidays</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data are reported as percentages or as the median and interquartile range&#46; In the case of continuous variables we used the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test to determine the presence or absence of a normal distribution&#46; Univariate analysis of continuous and categorical variables was made using the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test and the chi-squared test&#44; respectively&#46; A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently made&#44; including all the variables evaluated in the univariate analysis&#46; A cutoff point of 0&#46;1 was used in the model&#44; with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10 for exclusion from the model&#44; and an alpha-error of 5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to avoid possible statistical confounding factors&#44; we performed a multivariate analysis including all the studied variables&#44; stratifying according to the different work shifts &#40;morning&#44; afternoon and night&#41; and holiday or daily shifts&#46; In this regard&#44; we followed the same stepwise multivariate logistic regression model&#44; with exploration of the possible iterations&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee&#44; and patient informed consent was not required&#44; in view of the non-interventional nature of the study and the retrospective analysis of the results&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1405 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period&#46; Of these&#44; 299 patients admitted on a scheduled basis due to high-risk surgery were excluded&#46; A total of 504 patients were included in the on-hours group and 602 in the off-hours group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No significant differences were observed in terms of patient age&#44; gender or origin&#44; patient type or mean stay in either the ICU or in hospital after discharge from the Unit&#46; However&#44; the patients in the off-hours group had a greater severity score as measured with the SAPS 3&#44; and a greater presence of renal comorbidity&#46; With regard to the distribution of the patients according to the disease process leading to admission&#44; we recorded no significant differences between medical versus surgical patients&#44; or in terms of the medical disorder on contrasting coronary disease versus other medical disorders &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&#41;&#46; The mortality rate in the ICU was significantly higher in the off-hours group than in the on-hours group&#44; and this difference persisted on analyzing in-hospital mortality&#46; In both groups the in-hospital mortality rate was lower than expected from the predicted mortality rate calculated by the SAPS 3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the multivariate analysis referred to hospital mortality&#44; the risk factors found to be independently associated to mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and belonging to the off-hours group &#40;OR 2&#46;00&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;20&#8211;3&#46;33&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> analysis of the off-hours subgroups yielded the following results&#58;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients included in subgroup 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>257&#41; and in subgroup 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>345&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; showed no differences in terms of age&#44; gender&#44; origin&#44; patient type or SAPS 3&#46; However&#44; mortality in the ICU was higher in those admitted to subgroup 2 than in those admitted to subgroup 1&#46; This same difference was observed on considering in-hospital mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; the variables found to be independently associated to in-hospital mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;09&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;07&#8211;1&#46;11&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and belonging to subgroup 2 &#40;OR 2&#46;30&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;23&#8211;4&#46;30&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On analyzing all the variables&#44; the only two factors associated to in-hospital mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#41; and admission on a holiday &#40;OR 2&#46;54&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;56&#8211;4&#46;14&#41;&#46; The full results of the multivariate analysis are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; a significant difference was observed on analyzing the timing of admissions histogram&#44; with a greater percentage of admissions during the daily morning shifts &#40;scheduled surgery patients were excluded&#41; versus a greater percentage of admissions during the night shift on weekends and holidays &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although our study showed survival in both groups to be greater than predicted by the severity indicators employed&#44; the patients who were admitted to the ICU in the course of the daily shifts showed a better prognosis than those admitted on weekends or holidays&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results coincide with those of earlier studies that analyzed the timing of admission and the prognosis of patients admitted to the ICU&#46; Bhonagiri et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> recorded a lower in-ICU mortality rate in the 6 p&#46;m&#46; to 5&#58;59 a&#46;m&#46; interval than in the 6 a&#46;m&#46; to 5&#58;59 p&#46;m&#46; period &#40;9&#46;1&#37; versus 10&#46;8&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and Kuijsten et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> observed a greater mortality risk on weekends than during the daily shifts&#46; However&#44; although Ju et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> described a difference in mortality between the night shift and the day shift &#40;OR 1&#46;72&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;118&#8211;2&#46;74&#41;&#44; no such difference was recorded on comparing weekends versus daily shifts&#46; Nwosu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> in turn reported a difference in mortality in patients admitted to the ICU on weekends versus daily shifts&#44; though statistical significance was not reached&#46; Laupland et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> likewise recorded no differences regarding in-hospital mortality among patients admitted to the ICU at night or on Saturdays or Sundays versus the daily shifts of the working week&#46; The metaanalysis conducted by Cavallazzi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> found an association referred to admission to the ICU on weekends&#44; but not to admission at night&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences in results are also found in other settings&#46; Freemantle et al&#46; observed greater in-hospital mortality when the patients were admitted to hospital on weekends than on the working week days<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> also in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> patients undergoing elective surgery&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and patients admitted to the emergency room<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#8211;though no association could be demonstrated between the timing of admission and mortality as in the study published by Fonarow et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> in patients admitted due to heart failure&#44; or by Carr et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> in trauma patients&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences in mortality&#44; based fundamentally on differences in the organization of the work shifts&#44; with or without the presence of intensivists&#44; or based on the experience of the intensivist on duty &#40;resident in training versus staff physician&#41;&#44; in units assisting seriously ill patients upon admission&#46; A metaanalysis carried out by Wilcox et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> showed a significant difference on comparing high intensity staffing&#44; where the patient is moved to an ICU supervised by an intensivist&#44; versus low intensity staffing&#44; where no intensivist is present&#8211;with greater in-ICU survival in the high intensity staffing group &#40;RR 0&#46;81&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;68&#8211;0&#46;96&#41;&#46; However&#44; on examining the 24-h intensivist model versus intensivist coverage only during the day shift&#44; no decrease in mortality was found &#40;RR 0&#46;88&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;7&#8211;1&#46;1&#41;&#46; Another hypothesis is based on patient severity upon admission&#44; which is greater in patients admitted at night&#44; as in the study published by Ju et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> where a high APACHE II score &#40;&#62;8&#41; versus a low APACHE II score &#40;&#60;8&#41; was found to be an independent predictor of mortality &#40;OR 1&#46;113&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; the patients admitted off-hours had greater severity upon admission as determined by the SAPS 3&#44; with less medical personnel available for care &#40;a single intensivist on duty&#41;&#46; This is consistent with the abovementioned hypotheses&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One element that distinguishes us from other units is our &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity&#44; based on the early detection of patients at risk in the hospital&#44; outside the ICU&#44; and which allows us to intervene before organ failure occurs&#46; In a before-after study published by our group&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> we demonstrated benefit in terms of clinical outcome among the intervened patients&#44; with a better management of the available healthcare resources&#44; and a decrease in mortality in the ICU among the patients admitted during the period in which the project was implemented &#40;OR 0&#46;42&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;18&#8211;0&#46;98&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For this reason&#44; our secondary objective in this study was to determine whether an increased probability of a favorable prognosis could be due to the earlier identification of patient severity and earlier admission to the ICU&#46; In order to identify a possible relationship between the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity and the outcomes&#44; we compared the two subgroups within the off-hours group&#58; subgroup 1 &#40;daily night shifts&#41; and subgroup 2 &#40;weekends and holidays&#41;&#44; where in both instances only the intensivist on duty is present&#8211;the sole difference between the two subgroups being the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity during the daily morning shifts but not on weekends or holidays&#46; We found that for the same patient severity as evaluated by the SAPS 3&#44; the in-ICU mortality rate was significantly higher in the patients belonging to subgroup 2&#46; Likewise&#44; the multivariate analysis showed the variables independently associated to in-hospital mortality to be the SAPS 3 and belonging to subgroup 2&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results support the idea that the early detection of potentially critical patients and their consequent improved survival rates<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;23&#8211;26</span></a> could &#40;among other factors&#41; influence the lesser mortality found in subgroup 1 versus subgroup 2&#44; since there is no &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity on weekends and holidays&#8211;the patients in the latter case being admitted later&#44; and therefore with a poorer prognosis&#46; This circumstance is reflected by the timing of admissions histogram&#44; where a greater percentage of admissions in observed in the course of the daily morning shifts &#40;scheduled surgery patients being excluded&#41; versus a greater percentage of admissions during the night shifts on weekends and holidays &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study has the limitations inherent to its single-center nature&#46; On the other hand&#44; its non-interventional design does not allow us to confirm the hypothesis referred to our secondary objective&#46; In this regard&#44; we can only support the possibility of a relationship between the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity &#40;among other factors&#41; and lesser mortality in the analyzed subgroups&#46; Likewise&#44; we are unable to determine whether there is a real difference in the time between the detection of patient severity and admission to the ICU&#46; However&#44; our observations could support the hypothesis that extending the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; system to the weekends could result in improved patient outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another limitation has been the use of the SAPS 3 as a patient severity indicator upon admission to the ICU&#44; since in patients with few failed organs the SAPS 3 overestimates predicted mortality&#8211;this possibly explaining the great difference between predicted and actual hospital mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusions</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Admission to the off-hours group is independently associated to mortality&#46; Admission on weekends is likewise independently associated to mortality&#44; regardless of the daily shift involved&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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      "en" => array:3 [
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess the repercussion of the timing of admission to the ICU upon patient prognosis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective&#44; observational&#44; non-interventional cohort study was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Scope</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A second level hospital with 210 operational beds and a general ICU with 8 operational beds&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients or participants</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study comprised all patients admitted to the ICU during 3 years &#40;January 2010 to December 2012&#41;&#44; excluding those subjects admitted from the operating room after scheduled surgery&#46; The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of admission &#40;on-hours or off-hours&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Non-interventional study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables of interest</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An analysis was made of demographic variables &#40;age&#44; sex&#41;&#44; origin &#40;emergency room&#44; hospital ward&#44; operating room&#41;&#44; comorbidities and SAPS 3 as severity score upon admission&#44; length of stay in the ICU and hospital ward&#44; and ICU and hospital mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 504 patients were included in the on-hours group&#44; versus 602 in the off-hours group&#46; Multivariate analysis showed the factors independently associated to hospital mortality to be SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&#44; and off-hours admission &#40;OR 2&#46;00&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;20&#8211;3&#46;33&#41;&#46; In a subgroup analysis of the off-hours group&#44; the admission of patients on weekends or non-working days compared to daily night shifts was found to be independently associated to hospital mortality &#40;OR 2&#46;30&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;23&#8211;4&#46;30&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Admission to the ICU in off-hours is independently associated to patient mortality&#44; which is also higher in patients admitted on weekends and non-working days compared to the daily night shifts&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Design"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Scope"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Patients or participants"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Interventions"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Variables of interest"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la repercusi&#243;n del momento de ingreso en UCI sobre el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohorte prospectivo&#44; observacional y no intervencionista&#46; Se consider&#243; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> el turno de ma&#241;ana y tarde de los d&#237;as laborables y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> el resto de los turnos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital de nivel 2 con 210 camas en funcionamiento y UCI polivalente con 8 camas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes o participantes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los pacientes que ingresaron en la UCI durante 3 a&#241;os&#44; de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2012&#44; excluyendo aquellos pacientes procedentes de quir&#243;fano tras una cirug&#237;a programada&#46; Los pacientes se estratificaron en 2 grupos en funci&#243;n de que el momento de ingreso fuera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> u <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio no intervencionista&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables de inter&#233;s</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron las variables demogr&#225;ficas &#40;edad&#44; sexo&#41;&#44; la procedencia &#40;urgencias&#44; planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n&#44; quir&#243;fano&#41;&#44; el tipo de paciente &#40;m&#233;dico&#44; quir&#250;rgico&#41;&#44; las comorbilidades y el SAPS 3 como puntuaci&#243;n de gravedad al ingreso&#44; estancia en UCI y hospitalaria&#44; adem&#225;s de mortalidad en la UCI y en el hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 504 pacientes en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> y 602 en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable los factores asociados de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria fueron SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#44;10&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;08-1&#44;12&#41; y grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> &#40;OR 2&#44;00&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;20-3&#44;33&#41;&#46; En un an&#225;lisis de subgrupos del grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> el ingreso de los pacientes en fin de semana o festivo frente a las noches de los d&#237;as de diario se asoci&#243; de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria &#40;OR 2&#44;30&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;23-4&#44;30&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ingresar en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> se asocia de forma independiente con la mortalidad&#46; El ingreso en festivo se asocia de forma independiente con la mortalidad&#44; independientemente del turno en que se produzca el ingreso los d&#237;as de diario&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:8 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0045"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0050"
            "titulo" => "Dise&#241;o"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0055"
            "titulo" => "&#193;mbito"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0060"
            "titulo" => "Pacientes o participantes"
          ]
          4 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0065"
            "titulo" => "Intervenciones"
          ]
          5 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0070"
            "titulo" => "Variables de inter&#233;s"
          ]
          6 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0075"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          7 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0080"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Abella A&#44; Hermosa C&#44; Enciso V&#44; Torrej&#243;n I&#44; Molina R&#44; Salinas I&#44; et al&#46; Efecto del momento de ingreso sobre el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> vs&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2016&#59;40&#58;26&#8211;32&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:5 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 932
            "Ancho" => 1464
            "Tamanyo" => 76491
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient flow chart&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 756
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            "Tamanyo" => 45470
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histogram showing the distribution of patient admissions according to work shift &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IQ&#58; interquartile&#59; SAPS 3&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; ICU&#58; Intensive Care Unit&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">On-hours</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>504&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Off-hours</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>602&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years&#44; median &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;50&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62 &#40;50&#8211;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female gender &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origin&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ward&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Operating room&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient type&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;40&#8211;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;41&#8211;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 predicted mortality&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stay in ICU&#44; days &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#8211;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#8211;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stay in hospital&#44; days &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in ICU&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in hospital&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;5&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;11&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab983098.png"
              ]
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          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of the on-hours group versus the off-hours group&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IQ&#58; interquartile&#59; SAPS 3&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; ICU&#58; Intensive Care Unit&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>257&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>345&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years&#44; median &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;52&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;49&#8211;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female gender&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origin&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ward&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>operating room&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient type&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;41&#8211;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;42&#8211;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in ICU&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in hospital&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab983099.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of subgroup 1 &#40;daily night shift&#41; versus subgroup 2 &#40;weekends and holidays&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0120" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">95&#37;CI&#58; 95&#37; confidence interval&#59; SAPS 3&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Odds ratio &#40;95&#37;CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;01 &#40;0&#46;99&#8211;1&#46;02&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Gender&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;76 &#40;0&#46;47&#8211;1&#46;23&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Origin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;1&#46;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Patient type&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;95 &#40;0&#46;51&#8211;1&#46;77&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;87&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SAPS 3 score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;10 &#40;1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#60;0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Cardiovascular comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;1&#46;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Respiratory comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;89 &#40;0&#46;52&#8211;1&#46;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Renal comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70 &#40;0&#46;34&#8211;1&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Endocrine comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77 &#40;0&#46;45&#8211;1&#46;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Admission shift&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;90 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;1&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;66&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Admission on holiday&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;54 &#40;1&#46;56&#8211;4&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab983097.png"
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0115" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of the multivariate analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Increased mortality associated with after-hours and weekend admission to the intensive care unit&#58; a retrospective analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Bhonagiri"
                            1 => "D&#46;V&#46; Pilcher"
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Effect of the timing of admission upon patient prognosis in the Intensive Care Unit: On-hours versus off-hours
Efecto del momento de ingreso sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: on-hours vs. off-hours
A. Abella, C. Hermosa, V. Enciso, I. Torrejón, R. Molina, I. Salinas, M. Díaz, T. Mozo, F. Gordo
Corresponding author
fgordo5@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario del Henares, Coslada, Madrid, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histogram showing the distribution of patient admissions according to work shift &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In general&#44; the organization of hospital activity in our setting is based on work shifts&#46; In this regard&#44; the morning and afternoon shifts concentrate most of the medical team and scheduled activities&#44; while the night shift&#44; weekends and holidays are fundamentally attended by teams on duty&#46; In some cases&#44; the way in which hospital activities are organized can lead to changes in the prognosis of some patients&#44; particularly those in critical condition&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of hypothesis have been proposed to explain the differences in prognosis conditioned to the timing or circumstances of patient admission&#46; One possible explanation is that a poorer prognosis may result from a lower personnel&#47;patient ratio&#44; less experienced specialists&#44; intensivists on call and not physically present in the Unit&#44; or even tiredness of the medical team in certain work shifts&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;6</span></a> Other hypotheses point to possibly greater severity among patients who are admitted during the night or on weekends&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> A relationship has also been described between a poorer prognosis and patient admission during the morning clinical round&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;9</span></a> though this has not been confirmed in the study published by Bisbal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The working hypothesis in this study is that there is a difference in mortality among patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit &#40;ICU&#41; depending on the time of day at which admission takes place&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Specifically&#44; the present study evaluates the repercussions of the timing of admission to the ICU upon patient prognosis in an ICU based on the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; model<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> of proactive early detection of patients at risk in hospital but outside the ICU&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Material and methods</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A prospective&#44; non-interventional observational cohort study was carried out&#44; involving patients consecutively admitted to an adult polyvalent medical-surgical ICU with 8 beds in a 210-bed second-level hospital&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We included all the patients admitted to the Unit in the course of a three-year period from January 2010 to December 2012&#44; excluding those subjects coming from the operating room after scheduled surgery&#46; In the case of patients readmitted to the ICU&#44; we only considered the first admission&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The activity of the intensivists during the study period was distributed as follows&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Daily morning shift</span>&#58; from 8 a&#46;m&#46; to 3 p&#46;m&#46;&#44; with the presence of the entire Unit personnel members &#40;except those coming off duty and those who worked during the afternoon shift of the previous day&#41;&#46; The &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activities are conducted during this shift&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Daily afternoon shift</span>&#58; from 3 p&#46;m&#46; to 10 p&#46;m&#46;&#44; with the presence of two intensivists&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3&#46;</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Night shift</span>&#44; from 10 p&#46;m&#46; to 8 a&#46;m&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">weekends</span> &#40;Saturdays and Sundays&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">holidays</span>&#44; with the presence of a single intensivist on duty&#44; along with the usual personnel on duty in the rest of the hospital&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the effects of analysis&#44; the patients were distributed into two groups&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A first group&#44; referred to as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span>&#44; involving the patients admitted during the daily morning and afternoon shifts &#40;shifts 1 and 2&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A second group&#44; referred to as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#44; involving the patients admitted during the night shift&#44; weekends and holidays &#40;shift 3&#41;&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An analysis was made of demographic parameters &#40;age&#44; gender&#41;&#44; patient origin &#40;emergency care&#44; hospital admission ward&#44; operating room&#41;&#44; patient type &#40;medical&#44; surgical&#41;&#44; comorbidities &#40;defined as those comorbidities reflected in the case history&#44; with current or previous treatment for the chronic disorder involved&#41;&#44; the SAPS &#40;Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#41; 3 as a measure of severity upon admission&#44; stay in the ICU and in hospital&#44; and in-ICU and in-hospital mortality&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The operation of our ICU incorporates the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; model&#44; which involves the proactive early detection of patients at risk in the hospital&#44; with intervention of the intensivists outside the ICU&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#8211;13</span></a> Our secondary objective was to determine whether this model is able to influence the results obtained&#46; With this in mind&#44; we designed a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> analysis&#44; differentiating between two subgroups within the off-hours patient group&#46; The subgroups were distinguished on the basis of the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activities&#44; which only take place in subgroup 1&#44; and not in subgroup 2&#46; However&#44; in both subgroups the general personnel working in the hospital was the same&#44; and lower in number than in the on-hours group&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subgroup 1</span>&#58; patients admitted during the daily night shift</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Subgroup 2</span>&#58; patients admitted on weekends and holidays</p></li></ul></p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The data are reported as percentages or as the median and interquartile range&#46; In the case of continuous variables we used the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test to determine the presence or absence of a normal distribution&#46; Univariate analysis of continuous and categorical variables was made using the Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test and the chi-squared test&#44; respectively&#46; A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was subsequently made&#44; including all the variables evaluated in the univariate analysis&#46; A cutoff point of 0&#46;1 was used in the model&#44; with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;10 for exclusion from the model&#44; and an alpha-error of 5&#37;&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to avoid possible statistical confounding factors&#44; we performed a multivariate analysis including all the studied variables&#44; stratifying according to the different work shifts &#40;morning&#44; afternoon and night&#41; and holiday or daily shifts&#46; In this regard&#44; we followed the same stepwise multivariate logistic regression model&#44; with exploration of the possible iterations&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee&#44; and patient informed consent was not required&#44; in view of the non-interventional nature of the study and the retrospective analysis of the results&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Results</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 1405 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period&#46; Of these&#44; 299 patients admitted on a scheduled basis due to high-risk surgery were excluded&#46; A total of 504 patients were included in the on-hours group and 602 in the off-hours group &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No significant differences were observed in terms of patient age&#44; gender or origin&#44; patient type or mean stay in either the ICU or in hospital after discharge from the Unit&#46; However&#44; the patients in the off-hours group had a greater severity score as measured with the SAPS 3&#44; and a greater presence of renal comorbidity&#46; With regard to the distribution of the patients according to the disease process leading to admission&#44; we recorded no significant differences between medical versus surgical patients&#44; or in terms of the medical disorder on contrasting coronary disease versus other medical disorders &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;29&#41;&#46; The mortality rate in the ICU was significantly higher in the off-hours group than in the on-hours group&#44; and this difference persisted on analyzing in-hospital mortality&#46; In both groups the in-hospital mortality rate was lower than expected from the predicted mortality rate calculated by the SAPS 3 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the multivariate analysis referred to hospital mortality&#44; the risk factors found to be independently associated to mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and belonging to the off-hours group &#40;OR 2&#46;00&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;20&#8211;3&#46;33&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">post hoc</span> analysis of the off-hours subgroups yielded the following results&#58;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The patients included in subgroup 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>257&#41; and in subgroup 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>345&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41; showed no differences in terms of age&#44; gender&#44; origin&#44; patient type or SAPS 3&#46; However&#44; mortality in the ICU was higher in those admitted to subgroup 2 than in those admitted to subgroup 1&#46; This same difference was observed on considering in-hospital mortality &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; In the multivariate analysis&#44; the variables found to be independently associated to in-hospital mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;09&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;07&#8211;1&#46;11&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41; and belonging to subgroup 2 &#40;OR 2&#46;30&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;23&#8211;4&#46;30&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On analyzing all the variables&#44; the only two factors associated to in-hospital mortality were the SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#41; and admission on a holiday &#40;OR 2&#46;54&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;56&#8211;4&#46;14&#41;&#46; The full results of the multivariate analysis are reported in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand&#44; a significant difference was observed on analyzing the timing of admissions histogram&#44; with a greater percentage of admissions during the daily morning shifts &#40;scheduled surgery patients were excluded&#41; versus a greater percentage of admissions during the night shift on weekends and holidays &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although our study showed survival in both groups to be greater than predicted by the severity indicators employed&#44; the patients who were admitted to the ICU in the course of the daily shifts showed a better prognosis than those admitted on weekends or holidays&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results coincide with those of earlier studies that analyzed the timing of admission and the prognosis of patients admitted to the ICU&#46; Bhonagiri et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> recorded a lower in-ICU mortality rate in the 6 p&#46;m&#46; to 5&#58;59 a&#46;m&#46; interval than in the 6 a&#46;m&#46; to 5&#58;59 p&#46;m&#46; period &#40;9&#46;1&#37; versus 10&#46;8&#37;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#44; and Kuijsten et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> observed a greater mortality risk on weekends than during the daily shifts&#46; However&#44; although Ju et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> described a difference in mortality between the night shift and the day shift &#40;OR 1&#46;72&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;118&#8211;2&#46;74&#41;&#44; no such difference was recorded on comparing weekends versus daily shifts&#46; Nwosu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> in turn reported a difference in mortality in patients admitted to the ICU on weekends versus daily shifts&#44; though statistical significance was not reached&#46; Laupland et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> likewise recorded no differences regarding in-hospital mortality among patients admitted to the ICU at night or on Saturdays or Sundays versus the daily shifts of the working week&#46; The metaanalysis conducted by Cavallazzi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> found an association referred to admission to the ICU on weekends&#44; but not to admission at night&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Differences in results are also found in other settings&#46; Freemantle et al&#46; observed greater in-hospital mortality when the patients were admitted to hospital on weekends than on the working week days<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> also in patients with acute coronary syndrome and ST-segment elevation&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> patients undergoing elective surgery&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> and patients admitted to the emergency room<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#8211;though no association could be demonstrated between the timing of admission and mortality as in the study published by Fonarow et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> in patients admitted due to heart failure&#44; or by Carr et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> in trauma patients&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences in mortality&#44; based fundamentally on differences in the organization of the work shifts&#44; with or without the presence of intensivists&#44; or based on the experience of the intensivist on duty &#40;resident in training versus staff physician&#41;&#44; in units assisting seriously ill patients upon admission&#46; A metaanalysis carried out by Wilcox et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> showed a significant difference on comparing high intensity staffing&#44; where the patient is moved to an ICU supervised by an intensivist&#44; versus low intensity staffing&#44; where no intensivist is present&#8211;with greater in-ICU survival in the high intensity staffing group &#40;RR 0&#46;81&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;68&#8211;0&#46;96&#41;&#46; However&#44; on examining the 24-h intensivist model versus intensivist coverage only during the day shift&#44; no decrease in mortality was found &#40;RR 0&#46;88&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;7&#8211;1&#46;1&#41;&#46; Another hypothesis is based on patient severity upon admission&#44; which is greater in patients admitted at night&#44; as in the study published by Ju et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> where a high APACHE II score &#40;&#62;8&#41; versus a low APACHE II score &#40;&#60;8&#41; was found to be an independent predictor of mortality &#40;OR 1&#46;113&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; the patients admitted off-hours had greater severity upon admission as determined by the SAPS 3&#44; with less medical personnel available for care &#40;a single intensivist on duty&#41;&#46; This is consistent with the abovementioned hypotheses&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One element that distinguishes us from other units is our &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity&#44; based on the early detection of patients at risk in the hospital&#44; outside the ICU&#44; and which allows us to intervene before organ failure occurs&#46; In a before-after study published by our group&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> we demonstrated benefit in terms of clinical outcome among the intervened patients&#44; with a better management of the available healthcare resources&#44; and a decrease in mortality in the ICU among the patients admitted during the period in which the project was implemented &#40;OR 0&#46;42&#59; 95&#37;CI 0&#46;18&#8211;0&#46;98&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;04&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For this reason&#44; our secondary objective in this study was to determine whether an increased probability of a favorable prognosis could be due to the earlier identification of patient severity and earlier admission to the ICU&#46; In order to identify a possible relationship between the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity and the outcomes&#44; we compared the two subgroups within the off-hours group&#58; subgroup 1 &#40;daily night shifts&#41; and subgroup 2 &#40;weekends and holidays&#41;&#44; where in both instances only the intensivist on duty is present&#8211;the sole difference between the two subgroups being the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity during the daily morning shifts but not on weekends or holidays&#46; We found that for the same patient severity as evaluated by the SAPS 3&#44; the in-ICU mortality rate was significantly higher in the patients belonging to subgroup 2&#46; Likewise&#44; the multivariate analysis showed the variables independently associated to in-hospital mortality to be the SAPS 3 and belonging to subgroup 2&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These results support the idea that the early detection of potentially critical patients and their consequent improved survival rates<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;23&#8211;26</span></a> could &#40;among other factors&#41; influence the lesser mortality found in subgroup 1 versus subgroup 2&#44; since there is no &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity on weekends and holidays&#8211;the patients in the latter case being admitted later&#44; and therefore with a poorer prognosis&#46; This circumstance is reflected by the timing of admissions histogram&#44; where a greater percentage of admissions in observed in the course of the daily morning shifts &#40;scheduled surgery patients being excluded&#41; versus a greater percentage of admissions during the night shifts on weekends and holidays &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The present study has the limitations inherent to its single-center nature&#46; On the other hand&#44; its non-interventional design does not allow us to confirm the hypothesis referred to our secondary objective&#46; In this regard&#44; we can only support the possibility of a relationship between the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; activity &#40;among other factors&#41; and lesser mortality in the analyzed subgroups&#46; Likewise&#44; we are unable to determine whether there is a real difference in the time between the detection of patient severity and admission to the ICU&#46; However&#44; our observations could support the hypothesis that extending the &#8220;ICU without walls&#8221; system to the weekends could result in improved patient outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another limitation has been the use of the SAPS 3 as a patient severity indicator upon admission to the ICU&#44; since in patients with few failed organs the SAPS 3 overestimates predicted mortality&#8211;this possibly explaining the great difference between predicted and actual hospital mortality&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conclusions</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Admission to the off-hours group is independently associated to mortality&#46; Admission on weekends is likewise independently associated to mortality&#44; regardless of the daily shift involved&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To assess the repercussion of the timing of admission to the ICU upon patient prognosis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Design</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A prospective&#44; observational&#44; non-interventional cohort study was carried out&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Scope</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A second level hospital with 210 operational beds and a general ICU with 8 operational beds&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Patients or participants</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study comprised all patients admitted to the ICU during 3 years &#40;January 2010 to December 2012&#41;&#44; excluding those subjects admitted from the operating room after scheduled surgery&#46; The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the timing of admission &#40;on-hours or off-hours&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Interventions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Non-interventional study&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Variables of interest</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An analysis was made of demographic variables &#40;age&#44; sex&#41;&#44; origin &#40;emergency room&#44; hospital ward&#44; operating room&#41;&#44; comorbidities and SAPS 3 as severity score upon admission&#44; length of stay in the ICU and hospital ward&#44; and ICU and hospital mortality&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 504 patients were included in the on-hours group&#44; versus 602 in the off-hours group&#46; Multivariate analysis showed the factors independently associated to hospital mortality to be SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#46;10&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;08&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&#44; and off-hours admission &#40;OR 2&#46;00&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;20&#8211;3&#46;33&#41;&#46; In a subgroup analysis of the off-hours group&#44; the admission of patients on weekends or non-working days compared to daily night shifts was found to be independently associated to hospital mortality &#40;OR 2&#46;30&#59; 95&#37;CI 1&#46;23&#8211;4&#46;30&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Admission to the ICU in off-hours is independently associated to patient mortality&#44; which is also higher in patients admitted on weekends and non-working days compared to the daily night shifts&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluar la repercusi&#243;n del momento de ingreso en UCI sobre el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Dise&#241;o</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio de cohorte prospectivo&#44; observacional y no intervencionista&#46; Se consider&#243; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> el turno de ma&#241;ana y tarde de los d&#237;as laborables y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> el resto de los turnos&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">&#193;mbito</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hospital de nivel 2 con 210 camas en funcionamiento y UCI polivalente con 8 camas&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes o participantes</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Todos los pacientes que ingresaron en la UCI durante 3 a&#241;os&#44; de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2012&#44; excluyendo aquellos pacientes procedentes de quir&#243;fano tras una cirug&#237;a programada&#46; Los pacientes se estratificaron en 2 grupos en funci&#243;n de que el momento de ingreso fuera <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> u <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Intervenciones</span><p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio no intervencionista&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Variables de inter&#233;s</span><p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron las variables demogr&#225;ficas &#40;edad&#44; sexo&#41;&#44; la procedencia &#40;urgencias&#44; planta de hospitalizaci&#243;n&#44; quir&#243;fano&#41;&#44; el tipo de paciente &#40;m&#233;dico&#44; quir&#250;rgico&#41;&#44; las comorbilidades y el SAPS 3 como puntuaci&#243;n de gravedad al ingreso&#44; estancia en UCI y hospitalaria&#44; adem&#225;s de mortalidad en la UCI y en el hospital&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Resultados</span><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 504 pacientes en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> y 602 en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable los factores asociados de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria fueron SAPS 3 &#40;OR 1&#44;10&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;08-1&#44;12&#41; y grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> &#40;OR 2&#44;00&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;20-3&#44;33&#41;&#46; En un an&#225;lisis de subgrupos del grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> el ingreso de los pacientes en fin de semana o festivo frente a las noches de los d&#237;as de diario se asoci&#243; de forma independiente con la mortalidad hospitalaria &#40;OR 2&#44;30&#59; IC 95&#37; 1&#44;23-4&#44;30&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ingresar en el grupo <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span> se asocia de forma independiente con la mortalidad&#46; El ingreso en festivo se asocia de forma independiente con la mortalidad&#44; independientemente del turno en que se produzca el ingreso los d&#237;as de diario&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Abella A&#44; Hermosa C&#44; Enciso V&#44; Torrej&#243;n I&#44; Molina R&#44; Salinas I&#44; et al&#46; Efecto del momento de ingreso sobre el pron&#243;stico de los pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">on-hours</span> vs&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">off-hours</span>&#46; Med Intensiva&#46; 2016&#59;40&#58;26&#8211;32&#46;</p>"
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      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Histogram showing the distribution of patient admissions according to work shift &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;01&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0100" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IQ&#58; interquartile&#59; SAPS 3&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; ICU&#58; Intensive Care Unit&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">On-hours</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>504&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Off-hours</span> &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>602&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years&#44; median &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">63 &#40;50&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">62 &#40;50&#8211;74&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;41&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female gender &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origin&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;98&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ward&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Operating room&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient type&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">48&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;40&#8211;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">51 &#40;41&#8211;63&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 predicted mortality&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stay in ICU&#44; days &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#8211;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;2&#8211;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stay in hospital&#44; days &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#8211;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;2&#8211;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;89&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in ICU&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17 &#40;3&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;8&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in hospital&#44; n &#40;&#37;&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">28 &#40;5&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">70 &#40;11&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0095" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of the on-hours group versus the off-hours group&#46;</p>"
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      3 => array:7 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0110" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">IQ&#58; interquartile&#59; SAPS 3&#58; Simplified Acute Physiology Score&#59; ICU&#58; Intensive Care Unit&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup 1 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>257&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Subgroup 2 &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>345&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age in years&#44; median &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">64 &#40;52&#8211;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">61 &#40;49&#8211;71&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Female gender&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">37&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Origin&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emergency care&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">73&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ward&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>operating room&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Patient type&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Medical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;74&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Surgical&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Comorbidity&#44; &#37;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cardiovascular&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">47&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">52&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Respiratory&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Renal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SAPS 3 &#40;IQ range&#41;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">49 &#40;41&#8211;62&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">53 &#40;42&#8211;64&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mortality in ICU&#44; &#37;</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">11&#46;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7&#46;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">14&#46;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;01&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0105" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Results of subgroup 1 &#40;daily night shift&#41; versus subgroup 2 &#40;weekends and holidays&#41;&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;06 &#40;0&#46;64&#8211;1&#46;76&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Respiratory comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;89 &#40;0&#46;52&#8211;1&#46;53&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;67&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Renal comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;70 &#40;0&#46;34&#8211;1&#46;44&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Endocrine comorbidity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;77 &#40;0&#46;45&#8211;1&#46;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;90 &#40;0&#46;55&#8211;1&#46;46&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Admission on holiday&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;54 &#40;1&#46;56&#8211;4&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;0002&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:27 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Increased mortality associated with after-hours and weekend admission to the intensive care unit&#58; a retrospective analysis"
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                            0 => "D&#46; Bhonagiri"
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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            1 => array:3 [
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                      "titulo" => "Weekend hospitalization and additional risk of death&#58; an analysis of inpatient data"
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                            1 => "M&#46; Richardson"
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                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Wilcox"
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                            0 => "N&#46;A&#46; Ali"
                            1 => "J&#46; Hammersley"
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            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Off hour admission to an intensivist-led ICU is not associated with increased mortality"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
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                            0 => "I&#46;A&#46; Meynaar"
                            1 => "J&#46;I&#46; van der Spoel"
                            2 => "J&#46;H&#46; Rommes"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "doi" => "10.1186/cc7904"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
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              "identificador" => "bib0175"
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of intensive care unit admission during morning bedside rounds and mortality&#58; a multi-center retrospective cohort study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;A&#46; De Souza"
                            1 => "C&#46;J&#46; Karvellas"
                            2 => "R&#46;N&#46; Gibney"
                            3 => "S&#46;M&#46; Bagshaw"
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                  ]
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                    0 => array:2 [
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                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Crit Care"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735727
Original language: English
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