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Original article
Available online 27 October 2025
Operative mortality predictors in patients with acute type A aortic dissection
Predictores de mortalidad operatoria en pacientes con disección aórtica aguda
Bárbara Segura-Méndeza, Rocío Bernalb, Irene Velascob, Yolanda Carrascalb,c,
a Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
b Cardiac Surgery Department, University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
c Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Table 1. Factors associated to operative mortality: univariate analysis.
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Table 2. Multivariate analysis: predictive variables for operative mortality.
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Table 3. Multiple logistic regression analysis for operative mortality (validated with bootstrap approach).
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Table 4. Prediction model of operative mortality after ATAAD surgery with the risk factors identified in multiple logistic regression analysis.
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Abstract
Objective

To develop a model capable of predicting risk factors for operative in-hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with acute type A aortic dissection, that includes inflammatory biomarkers and imaging variables of the ascending aorta in the acute phase.

Design

Unicentric retrospective analysis.

Setting

Cardiac surgery unit.

Patients

Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery after acute type A aortic dissection, during a 11-year period.

Main variables of interest

Pre- and intraoperative risk factors for mortality, inflammatory markers and ascending aortic diameter, at the time of diagnosis.

Results

120 patients were analysed. The presence of preoperative visceral ischemia (OR) 7.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.98−28.18); (p: 0.003); redo cardiac surgery (OR: 10.07, 95% CI (1.62−62.27); (p: 0.013); preoperative dual antiplatelet therapy (OR: 7.21, 95% CI (1.45–35.69); (p: 0.015) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.11; 95% CI (1.03−1.20); (p: 0.006) were independent predictors for operative mortality in the analysed sample. These risk factors were included in a model to predict operative mortality, which also included ascending aortic diameter, with an area under the ROC curve of 0,793 ± 0,052; IC 95% (0,691–0,895); (P < 0,0001).

Conclusions

The inclusion of variables that quantify inflammatory activity, as well as imaging variables at the time of diagnosis of acute type A aortic dissection, may contribute to a more accurate estimate of surgical risk.

Keywords:
Acute type A aortic dissection
Operative mortality
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
Aortic ascending diameter
Resumen
Objetivo

Elaborar un modelo para predecir los factores de riesgo de mortalidad operatoria hospitalaria en pacientes diagnosticados de disección aórtica aguda tipo A, que incluya marcadores de inflamación y variables de imagen de la aorta ascendente en el momento agudo.

Diseño

Unicentrico, análisis retrospectivo.

Ámbito

Servicio de cirugía cardiaca.

Pacientes

Adultos sometidos a cirugía cardiaca tras disección aórtica aguda tipo A, durante un periodo de 11 años.

Variables de interés principales

Factores de riesgo de mortalidad pre e intraoperatorios, marcadores de inflamación y diámetro de aorta ascendente, en el momento del diagnóstico.

Resultados

Se analizaron 120 pacientes. La presencia de isquemia visceral preoperatoria Odds Ratio (OR) 7,48, intervalo de confianza (IC) al 95% (1,98-28,18); (p: 0,003); el antecedente de cirugía cardiaca previa OR: 10,07 IC 95% (1,62-62,27); (p: 0,013); la doble antiagregación preoperatoria OR: 7,21; IC 95% (1,45-35,69); (p: 0,015) y el índice neutrófilo/linfocitario OR: 1,11; IC 95% (1,03-1,20); (p: 0,006) fueron predictores independientes de mortalidad operatoria en la muestra analizada. Estos factores de riesgo se incluyeron en un modelo para predecir la mortalidad operatoria al que, además, se añadió el diámetro de la aorta ascendente, con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0,793 ± 0,052; IC 95 % (0,691-0,895); (P < 0,0001).

Conclusiones

La inclusión de variables que cuantifiquen la actividad inflamatoria, así como variables de imagen en el momento del diagnóstico de la disección aórtica aguda de tipo A pueden ayudar a una estimación más ajustada del riesgo quirúrgico.

Palabras clave:
Disección aórtica aguda tipo A
Mortalidad operatoria
Índice neutrófilo/linfocitario
Diámetro aorta ascendente
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